第六章 java Servlet 基础学习笔记（外加 6.63实践环节 6.84实践环节）

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-26 16:22:56 发布

liuwenqing11

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-26 16:22:56 发布

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分类专栏： javaweb

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一：简单介绍java Servlet 类：

javaServlet 的核心思想是web服务器端创建用来响应客户端请求的对象，该对象被称为一个server对象。jsp技术以javaserver 为基础，当客户端请求一个jsp页面时，Web服务器会自动生成一个对应的java文件，编译该java文件，并用编译得到的字节码文件在服务器端创建一个Servlet对象。但实际的web应用需要Servlet对象具有特定的功能，这时就需要web开发人员编写创建Servlet对象的类。

二：Servlet类与Servlet对象：

1）创建第一个 FirstServlet 类

2）

3）

勾选上点击完成就可以了

4）

5）接下来会报一个错及解决方法

解决方法

6）填充 java 代码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class FirstServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/FirstServlet")
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.init(config);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// 设置响应的内容类型
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		// 取得输出对象
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println("<html><body>");
		// 在浏览器中显示 第一个Servlet类
		out.println("第一个Servlet类");
		out.println("</body></html>");

	}

}

至此一个简单的Servlet 类就创建完成了，

三 Server 对象的创建与运行：

要想让web 服务器使用 Servlet 类编译后的字节码文件创建Servlet 对象处理用户请求，必须先为web部署Servlet 。部署Servlet 有两种方式一是在 web.xml 中二是基于注解的方式部署

1）在 web.xml中部署

代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<display-name>ch06</display-name>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>firstServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>servlet.FirstServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>firstServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/firstServlet</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

②运行之前的FirstServlet 文件结果

③如果出现无法启动 Tomcat 错误及解决方法（Maven项目：基础环境（依赖，基本配置文件）搭建完成，前端页面都导入，部署测试项目环境，出现该问题没有勾选）

解决

2）基于注解的方式部署Servlet

①注解介绍：从前面的学习可以知道，每开发一个Servlet，都要在web.xml文件中部署Servlet才能够使用，这样会给web工程的维护带来非常大的麻烦，在Servlet3.0中提供了注解@webServlet，使得不在需要web.xml文件中进行Servlet的部署描述，简化了开发流程。注意为了后期维护建议开发人员部署Servlet时@WebServlet的属性 URLPatterns的值设置为Servlet类的名字。

② 创建一个SecondServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class SecondServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "SecondServlet",urlPatterns = {"/SecondServlet"})
public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public SecondServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// 设置响应的内容类型
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		// 取得输出对象
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println("<html><body>");
		// 在浏览器中显示 第二个Servlet类
		out.println("第二个Servlet类");
		out.println("</body></html>");
	}

}

结果

课本6.23 实验环节类似于 SecondServlet

源码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class FirstServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "FirstServlet",urlPatterns = {"/FirstServlet"})
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	/**
	 * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.init(config);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// 设置响应的内容类型
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		// 取得输出对象
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println("<html><body>");
		// 在浏览器中显示 第一个Servlet类
		out.println("第一个Servlet类");
		out.println("</body></html>");

	}

}

四：Servlet的生命周期：

一个Servlet对象的生命周期主要由下列3个过程组成。

①初始化Servlet对象

当Servlet对象第一次被请求加载时，服务器会创建一个Servlet对象，该Servlet对象调用init（）方法完成必要的初始化工作

②service（）方法响应请求

创建的Servlet对象在调用service（）方法响应客户的请求

③Servlet对象消亡

当服务器关闭时，Servlet对象调用destroy（）方式使用自己消亡。、

从上面3个过程来看，init（）方法只被调用一次，即在Servlet第一次被请求加载时调用。当客户端请求Servlet服务时，服务器将启用一个新的线程，在该线程中，Servlet对象调用service（）方法响应客户端请求，那么多用户请求Servlet服务时，服务器会怎么办呐？服务器会为每一个线程启动一个新的线程，在每个线程中，Servlet对象调用service（）方法响应客户端请求。也就是说，每个客户端请求都会导致service（）方法被调用执行，分别运用在不同的线程中。通过以下代码来看一下

例：6——3 ThirdServlet.java

首先我们在 initParams 中有两个值分别为 one 和 two

initParams= {@WebInitParam(name = "firstParam",value = "one"),
		     @WebInitParam(name = "secondParam",value = "two")})

然后再在ThirdServlet 类下弄几个 String 类型的属性

public class ThirdServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private String first = null;
	private String second = null;
	private static int count = 0;

之后在 init 方法后面通过 Servletconfig 的对象 config调用getInitparameter（）方法俩获取参数的值如果结果值打印一次那么init方法只执行一次

	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获得参数firstParam的值
		first = config.getInitParameter("firstParam");
		second = config.getInitParameter("secondParam");
		System.out.println("第一个参数值："+ first);
		System.out.println("第二个参数值："+ second);
	}

最后我们在service方法后面写入count 计数如果不断的请求不断的执行就会不断的累加

protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		count++;
		System.out.println("您是第"+count+"个客户端请求该Servlet！");
	}

下面为全部代码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.swing.JInternalFrame;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ThirdServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "ThirdServlet",urlPatterns = {"/ThirdServlet"},
initParams= {@WebInitParam(name = "firstParam",value = "one"),
		     @WebInitParam(name = "secondParam",value = "two")})
public class ThirdServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private String first = null;
	private String second = null;
	private static int count = 0;
	
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ThirdServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获得参数firstParam的值
		first = config.getInitParameter("firstParam");
		second = config.getInitParameter("secondParam");
		System.out.println("第一个参数值："+ first);
		System.out.println("第二个参数值："+ second);
	}

	/**
	 * @see Servlet#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		count++;
		System.out.println("您是第"+count+"个客户端请求该Servlet！");
	}

}

运行结果

五通过jsp 页面访问Servlet：

可以通过jsp页面的表单或超链接请求某个Servlet。通过jsp页面访问Servlet的好处是：jsp页面只负责页面的静态信息处理，而动态信息处理由Servlet完成

通过例6_4来感觉一下

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>login.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--  通过 form 表单 action 提交到 Servlet 对象去-->
<form action="LoginServlet" method="post">
   <table>
      <tr>
         <td>用户名：</td>
         <td><input type="text" name = "user"/></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
         <td>密 码：</td>
         <td><input type="text" name = "pwd"/></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
         <td><input type="submit" value="提交"/></td>
         <td><input type="reset" value="重置"/></td>
      </tr>
   </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

LoginServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet",urlPatterns = {"/LoginServlet"})
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public LoginServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//支持的打开类型
          response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
          //通过这种方式，客户端就可以接受到数据了。客户端读取数据有多种方式，可以通过ajax读，也可以通过GetPostUtil来读取返回的数据。
          PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
          //设置编码，放置中文乱码
          request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          //获取客户提交信息
         String name = request.getParameter("user");
         //获取客户提交信息
         String password = request.getParameter("pwd");
         out.println("<html><body>");
         if (name==null || name.length() == 0) {
			out.println("请输入用户名");
		}else if (password == null || password.length() == 0) {
			out.println("请输入密码");
		}else if (name.length()>0 && password.length()>0) {
			if (name.equals("zhangsan") && password.equals("lisi")) {
				out.println("信息输入正确");
			}else {
				out.println("信息输入错误");
			}
			
		}
         out.println("</body></html>");
      
	}

	
}

结果图

注意的事项这三句话是必不可少的少一个都可能报错

//支持的打开类型
          response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
          //通过这种方式，客户端就可以接受到数据了。客户端读取数据有多种方式，可以通过ajax读，也可以通过GetPostUtil来读取返回的数据。
          PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
          //设置编码，放置中文乱码
          request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

六 doGet（）和doPost（）方法：

当服务器收到一个Servlet请求时，就会产生一个新的线程，在这个线程中Servlet对象调用service（）方法请求作出相应。service（）方法首先检查Http请求类型（get或者Post），然后在service（）方法中根据用户的请求方式，对应地调用doGet（）或dopost（）方法。

一般情况下，如果不论用户请求类型是get还是post，服务器的处理过程完全相同。

通过例6-5 体会一下

inputLader.jsp 代码

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>inputLader.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>输入矩形的长和宽，提交给Servlet（post方式）求面积：</h2>
<form action="GetLengthOrAreaServlet" method="post">
 长：<input type="text" name="length"/>
 宽：<input type="text" name="width"/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>

</body>
</html>

GetLengthOrAreaServlet代码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class GetLengthOrAreaServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "GetLengthOrAreaServlet",urlPatterns = {"/GetLengthOrAreaServlet"})
public class GetLengthOrAreaServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public GetLengthOrAreaServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		String l = request.getParameter("length");
		String w = request.getParameter("width");
		out.println("<html><body>");
		double m = 0,n=0;
		try {
			m = Double.parseDouble(l);
			n = Double.parseDouble(w);
			out.println("矩形的周长是："+(m+n)*2);
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			out.println("请输入数字字符！");
		}
		out.println("</body></html>");
		
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		String l = request.getParameter("length");
		String w = request.getParameter("width");
		out.println("<html><body>");
		double m = 0,n=0;
		try {
			m = Double.parseDouble(l);
			n = Double.parseDouble(w);
			out.println("矩形的周长是："+(m+n)*2);
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			out.println("请输入数字字符！");
		}
		out.println("</body></html>");
	}

}

结果图：

七重定向与转发：

重定向是将用户当前jsp页面或Servlet定向到另一个jsp页面或Servlet，以前的request中存放的信息全部失效，并进去一个全新的request作用域；转发是将用户对当前jsp页面或Servlet的请求转发给另一个jsp页面或Servlet，以前的request中存放的信息不会失效。

通过6-6 编写jsp页面redirectForward.jsp 在该jsp页面中通过表单向URLPatterns为“{“/redirectForwaedServlet”}”的Servlet提交用户账户和密码如果用户输入的数据不完整 redirectForwardServlet将用户重定向到redirectForward.jsp页面；如果用户输入的数据完整，redirectForwardServlet 将用户定向到redirectForward.jsp页面页面请求转发给URLPatterns为“{“/showServlet”}”的Servlet，showServlet显示用户输入信息。

redirectForward.jsp 代码

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>redirectForWard.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="RedirectForWardServlet" method="post">
  <table>
     <tr>
        <td>用户名：</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="user"/></td>
     </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>密 码：</td>
        <td><input type="password" name="pwd"/></td>
     </tr>
      <tr>
         <td><input type="submit" value="提交"/></td>
        <td><input type="reset" name="重置"/></td>
     </tr>
  </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

RedirectForWardServlet.java 代码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.security.auth.message.callback.PrivateKeyCallback.Request;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class RedirectForWardServlet
 */
//基于注解的部署 
@WebServlet( name = "RedirectForWardServlet",urlPatterns = {"/RedirectForWardServlet"})
public class RedirectForWardServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public RedirectForWardServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		String name = request.getParameter("user");
		String password = request.getParameter("pwd");
		if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
			//使用response 调用sendRedirect方法重定向到redirectForward.jsp中
			response.sendRedirect("redirectForward.jsp");
		}else if (password == null ||password.length() == 0) {
			response.sendRedirect("redirectForward.jsp");
		}else if (name.length() > 0 && password.length()>0) {
			RequestDispatcher dis = request.getRequestDispatcher("ShowServlet");
			dis.forward(request, response);
		}
	}

}

ShowServlet.java 代码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.Out;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ShowServlet
 */
//基于注解的部署 
@WebServlet(name = "ShowServlet",urlPatterns = {"/ShowServlet"})
public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ShowServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		String name = request.getParameter("pwd");
		String password = request.getParameter("pwd");
	    out.println("您的用户名是："+name);
	    out.println("<br>您的密码是："+password);
	}

}

运行结果

重定向总结

总结：重定向总结两个转向分别是 jsp 转向和 Servlet 转向

//使用response 调用sendRedirect方法重定向到redirectForward.jsp中
			response.sendRedirect("redirectForward.jsp");

1）在当前jsp页面或Servlet中，使用request对象调用public RequestDisPatchgetPequestDispatch（Sting url）方法返回一个RequestDispatch对象，其中参数url就是要转发的jsp页面或者Servlet的地址

2)获得ResquestDispatch 对像之后，就可以使用该对象调用 public void forward（ServletRequest request，ServletResponse response）方法将用户对当前jsp 页面或者Servlet的请求发送给RequestDispatch对象所指定的jsp页面或者Servlet

RequestDispatcher dis = request.getRequestDispatcher("ShowServlet");
dis.forward(request, response);

6.63 时延环节-------登录验证：

编写登录页面login_1.jsp，在该jsp页面中通过表单向 urlPatterns 为“{“/loginServlet_1”}” 的Servlet（由LoginServlet_1类负责创建）提交用户名和密码。如果用户输入数据不完整，LoginServlet_1将用户定向到login_1.jsp页面；如果用户输入数据完整且正确（用户名 zhangsan 密码123） LoginServlet_1将用户的请求转发给LoginSuccess_1.jsp页面，loginSuccess_1.jsp显示用户输入的信息

1）login_1.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>login_1.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="LoginServlet_1" method="post">
  <table>
     <tr>
        <td>用户名：</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="user"/></td>
     </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>密 码：</td>
        <td><input type="password" name="pwd"/></td>
     </tr>
      <tr>
         <td><input type="submit" value="提交"/></td>
        <td><input type="reset" name="重置"/></td>
     </tr>
  </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

2）LoginServlet_1

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginServlet_1
 */
@WebServlet(name = "LoginServlet_1",urlPatterns = {"/LoginServlet_1"})
public class LoginServlet_1 extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public LoginServlet_1() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		String name = request.getParameter("user");
		String password = request.getParameter("pwd");
		if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
			//使用response 调用sendRedirect方法重定向到redirectForward.jsp中
			response.sendRedirect("login_1.jsp");
		}else if (password == null ||password.length() == 0) {
			response.sendRedirect("login_1.jsp");
		}else if (name.length() > 0 && password.length()>0) {
			if (name.equals("zhangsan") && password.equals("123")) {
				RequestDispatcher dis = request.getRequestDispatcher("loginSuccess_1.jsp");
				dis.forward(request, response);
			}
			
		}
	}

}

3）loginSuccess_1.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>loginSuccess_1.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
	<%
	request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
	String name = request.getParameter("user");
	String password = request.getParameter("pwd");
	out.println("您的用户名是：" + name);
	out.println("<br>您的密码是：" + password);
	%>
</body>
</html>

运行结果

八在javaServlet 中使用 session ：

通过例6-7了解一下

编写jsp页面useSession.jsp 在该页面中通过表单向用户名存入用户的Servlet对象（由UseSessionServlet类负责创建）提交用户useSession将用户名存入用户的sessionshowName从用户的session对象中取出存储的用户名，并显示在浏览器中。

页面文件 useSession.jsp 代码

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>useSession.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="UseSessionServlet" medth="post">
 <table>
    <tr>
      <td>用户名：</td>
      <td><input type="text" name="user"/></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
         <td><input type="submit" name="提交"/></td>
    </tr>
 </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

2）UseSessionServlet.java 代码

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class UseSessionServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "UseSessionServlet",urlPatterns = {"/UseSessionServlet"})
public class UseSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public UseSessionServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.init(config);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//文件 支持的打开 方式
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		//允许拼写 out
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		//这个页面支持 中文
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		
		String name = request.getParameter("user");
		if (null==name || name.trim().length()==0) {
			//如果 名字为空 继续留在 原界面
			response.sendRedirect("userSession.jsp");
		}else {
			//条件 不为空 
			//若存在会话则返回该会话，否则新建一个会话
			HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
			//获取本Servlet页面的name 并存放
			session.setAttribute("myName", name);
			out.println("<html><body>");
			out.println("您请求的Servlet对象是："+getServletName());
			out.println("<br>您的会话ID是："+session.getId());
			out.println("<br>请单击请求另一个Servlet:");
			out.println("<br><a href='ShowNameServlet'>请求另一个Servlet</a>");
			out.println("</body></html>");
		}
	}
	

}

3)ShowNameServlet 的代码如下：

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ShowNameServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name = "ShowNameServlet",urlPatterns = {"/ShowNameServlet"})
public class ShowNameServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ShowNameServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.init(config);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
		//访问前面 保存在Session中的内容 并修改 里面的name 就是 本Servlet的名字
	    String name = (String) session.getAttribute("myName");
	    session.setAttribute("myName", name);
		out.println("<html><body>");
		//所以这里的getServletName  变成了 本页面的  名字
		out.println("您请求的Servlet对象是："+getServletName());
		//下面这两个 还是 原来 存储的信息
		out.println("<br>您的会话ID是："+session.getId());
		out.println("<br>您的会话中存储的用户名是："+name);
		out.println("</body></html>");
	}

}

运行结果图

九：基于Servlet的MVC模式

1)mvc的概念

MVC是model、view、controller的缩写，分别代表了web应用程序中的3种职责。

①模型：用于存储数据以及处理用户请求的业务逻辑。

②视图：向控制器提交数据，显示模型中的数据。

③控制器：根据视图提出的请求，判断将请求和数据交给那个模型处理，处理后的有关结果交给那个视图更新显示。

2）基于Servlet的MVC模式

基于Servlet的MVC模式的具体实现如下：

①模型：一个或多个JavaBean对象，用于存储数据（实体模型，由JavaBean类创建）和处理业务逻辑（业务模型，由一般的java类创建）。

②视图：一个或多个jsp页面，向控制器提交数据和为模型提供数据显示，jsp页面只要使用HTML标记和JavaBean标记来显示数据。

③控制器：一个或多个Servlet对象，根据视图提交的请求进行控制，即将请求转发给处理业务逻辑的JavaBean，并处理记过存放到实体模型JavaBean中，输出给视图显示。

例：6——8 使用 jsp 、Servlet、JavaBean实现MVC

1）User.java

package servlet;

public class User {
	private String name;
	private String pwd;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getPwd() {
		return pwd;
	}
	public void setPwd(String pwd) {
		this.pwd = pwd;
	}
	

}

2)UserCheck.java

package servlet;

public class UserCheck {
	//判断方法validate 参数是  前面的java 类 user  
	public boolean validate(User user) {
		//判断名字 是否为空 如果名字不为空  且 名字 = jspMVC
		if (user !=null && user.getName().equals("jspMVC")) {
			//and == MVc  返回正确  否则  返回 错误
			if (user.getPwd().equals("MVC")) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}
		return false;
	}

}

3)LoginCheckServlet.java

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginCheckServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name ="LoginCheckServlet" ,urlPatterns = {"/LoginCheckServlet"})
public class LoginCheckServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		String name = request.getParameter("name");
		String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
		//实例化实体模型 user
		User user = new User();
		//将数据存储在user中
		user.setName(name);
		user.setPwd(pwd);
		//实例化业务模型 userCheck
		UserCheck uc = new UserCheck();
		if (uc.validate(user)==true) {
			//将装有数据的实体模型user存储到request范围内
			request.setAttribute("user",user);
			//RequestDispatcher 代表请求的派发者。它有2个动作：forward 和 include 。
			//客户端对于任何一个请求，可以根据业务逻辑需要，选择不同的处理办法：
			/*RequestDispatcher 有一个特点，就是浏览器上显示的URL是最先请求的目标资源的URL，
			 * 不会因为使用了forward、include方法而改变。因此forward和include的调用对于用户
			 * 来说是透明的。RequestDispatcher 实质是一个接口，*/
			RequestDispatcher dis = request.getRequestDispatcher("loginSuccess.jsp");
			/*Java代码中request.getRequestDispatcher(" ").forward(request,response)，
			 * 也即是请求转发。*/
			dis.forward(request, response);
		}else {
			response.sendRedirect("loginCheck.jsp");
		}
		
		
	}

}

4)loginCheck.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>loginCheck.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="LoginCheckServlet" method="post">
     <table>
        <tr>
           <td>用户名：</td>
           <td><input type="text" name = "name"/></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
           <td>密 码：</td>
           <td><input type="password" name = "pwd"/></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
           <td><input type="submit" value="提交"/></td> 
           <td><input type="reset" value="重置"/></td> 
        </tr>
     </table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

5)loginSuccess.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>loginSuccess.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
  <jsp:useBean id="user" type="servlet.User" scope="request"/>
  <jsp:getProperty property="name" name="user"/>
</body>
</html>

结果图

十：6.84实验环节---四则运算

用户通过jsp页面inputNumber.jsp 输入两个操作数，并选择一种运算符，单击提交按钮后，调用HandleComputer.java 这个Servlet。在HandleComputer中首先获取用户输入的数字和运算符并将这些内容存入实体模型（由Computer.java创建）中，然后调用业务模型（由CalculateBean.java创建）进行计算并将结果存入实体模型中，在showResult.jsp中调用JavaBean显示结果。

1）Computer.java 实体模型

package servlet;
//实体模型
public class Computer {
	private double number3;
	private double number1;
	private double number2;
	private String operation;
	
	public Computer() {
		super();
	}
	public Computer(double number3, double number1, double number2, String operation) {
		super();
		this.number3 = number3;
		this.number1 = number1;
		this.number2 = number2;
		this.operation = operation;
	}
	public double getNumber3() {
		return number3;
	}
	public void setNumber3(double number3) {
		this.number3 = number3;
	}
	public double getNumber1() {
		return number1;
	}
	public void setNumber1(double number1) {
		this.number1 = number1;
	}
	public double getNumber2() {
		return number2;
	}
	public void setNumber2(double number2) {
		this.number2 = number2;
	}
	public String getOperation() {
		return operation;
	}
	public void setOperation(String operation) {
		this.operation = operation;
	}
	
	
}

2）CalculateBean.java 实体模型处理

package servlet;

//处理逻辑思维
public class CalculateBean {
	
public boolean judge1(Computer computer) {
	if (computer !=null) {
		return true;
	}
	return false;	
	}
public double judge(Computer computer) {
	if (computer.getOperation().equals("+")) {
		return computer.getNumber1()+computer.getNumber2();
	}
	if (computer.getOperation().equals("-")) {
		return computer.getNumber1()-computer.getNumber2();
	}
	if (computer.getOperation().equals("*")) {
		return computer.getNumber1()*computer.getNumber2();
	}
	if (computer.getOperation().equals("/")) {
		return computer.getNumber1()/computer.getNumber2();
	}
	return 0;

	
}
	
//	public double judge(String operation,int number1,int number2) {
//	    
//		if (operation.contains("+")) {
//			return	number1+number2;
//		}else if(operation.contains("-")) {
//			return	number1-number2;
//		}else if (operation.contains("*")) {
//			return	number1*number2;
//		}else if (operation.contains("/")) {
//			return	number1/number2;
//		}else {
//			return 0;	
//		}
//		
//	}

	}

3）HandleComputer Servlet （上面注释掉的和下面注释掉的可以另一种写法）

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class HandleComputer
 */
@WebServlet(name ="HandleComputer",urlPatterns = {"/HandleComputer"})
public class HandleComputer extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		int number1 =Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("number1"));
	    int number2 =Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("number2"));
	    String operation = request.getParameter("operation");
	    //实例化 实体逻辑模型
//	    CalculateBean calculateBean = new CalculateBean();
//	    //获得了 实体模型中 number3的值
//	    double number4 = calculateBean.judge(operation, number1, number2);
		//实例化实体模型
	    
		//将数据 存储到computer中
	    Computer computer = new Computer();
		computer.setNumber1(number1);
		computer.setNumber2(number2);
		computer.setOperation(operation);
//		computer.setNumber3(number4);
		 CalculateBean calculateBean = new CalculateBean();
		if (calculateBean.judge1(computer)==true) {
			computer.setNumber3(calculateBean.judge(computer));
			request.setAttribute("computer", computer);
		    RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("showResult.jsp");
		    dispatcher.forward(request, response);
			
		}else  {
			response.sendRedirect("inputNumber.jsp");
		}
	
	}

	

}

4）inputNumber.jsp 用户界面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>inputNumber.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<br> <br> 
<form action="HandleComputer" onsubmit="return check();" method="post">
 请输入你要计算的数 ：<br><br> 
  <input type="text" name="number1" id="name1" />
 <select name="operation" id="mail">
    <option value="1" >请选择计算符号</option>
    <option value="+">+</option>
    <option value="-">-</option>
    <option value="*">*</option>
    <option value="/">/</option>
</select>
 <input type="text" name="number2" id="number2" />
<br> <br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<input type="submit" value="提交"/> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
  <input type="reset" value="重置"/>
</form>
<script>
    function check()
    {
        //用户名验证
        var n=document.getElementById("name1");
        n = n.value;
        if(n.length<1||n.length>20)
        {
            alert("请输入第一个数字");
            return false;
        }
        var m=document.getElementById("number2");
        m = m.value;
        if(m.length<1||m.length>20)
        {
            alert("请输入第二个数字");
            return false;
        }
    }
</script>
</body>

</html>

5）showResult.jsp 显示用户界面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>showResult.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
<jsp:useBean id="computer" class="servlet.Computer" scope="request"/>
您的计算结果为：<jsp:getProperty property="number3" name="computer"/>
</body>
</html>

运行结果图

终于结束了！

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第六章 java Servlet 基础学习笔记（外加 6.63实践环节 6.84实践环节）

一：简单介绍java Servlet 类：javaServlet 的核心思想是web服务器端创建用来响应客户端请求的对象，该对象被称为一个server对象。jsp技术以javaserver 为基础，当客户端请求一个jsp页面时，Web服务器会自动生成一个对应的java文件，编译该java文件，并用编译得到的字节码文件在服务器端创建一个Servlet对象。但实际的web应用需要Servlet对象具有特定的功能，这时就需要web开发人员编写创建Servlet对象的类。二：Servlet类与Serv...
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