Linux 下挂载磁盘的方法

1. 查看当前的磁盘状况

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# df -l
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1             8256952   7551916    621180  93% /
tmpfs                  3816936         0   3816936   0% /dev/shm

2. 添加磁盘后，查看磁盘状况

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/xvdf: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

从查询结果看出，多了一个/dev/xvdf的盘

 

3. 用fdisk 对/dev/xvdf 进行分区

 

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# fdisk /dev/xvdf
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x61b1bc85.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n              //试图加入分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p                                   //选择加入主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1           //选择加入的分区号为1

 

#################  以下这段是个小插曲，如果有幸没有遇到，就请绕开直接往下看  ################

 

Partition 1 is already defined.  Delete it before re-adding it.  //系统提示分区号为1的分区已定义，重加前请删除

Command (m for help): d                      //删除分区

Selected partition 1                         //系统自动删除分区1

Command (m for help): p                      //再次显示系统分区

Disk /dev/xvda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n                                      //选择添加系统分区

Command action

   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p                                                         //添加主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1                                //添加的主分区号为1

#############    没有遇到以上小插曲的可以直接由此往下继续操作    ####################

First cylinder (1-10443, default 1): 1           //选择1号分区的起始cylinder默认选择1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-10443, default 10443): 10443         //选择1号分区的结束cylinder(或者1号分区的大小)

Command (m for help): n           //注：此处如果选择继续添加分区则需输入n，

                                  //   然后重复上面操作继续分区，如果不在继续分区则输入w，如下：

Command (m for help): w              //把新的分区表写入磁盘
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]#

 

再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/xvdf1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 xvdf2了。

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/xvdf: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x61b1bc85

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdf1               1       10443    83883366   83  Linux
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]#

 

分区完之后，使用 cat /proc/partitions 查看分区情况，如果查看不到对应的分区，则使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了，如下：

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

 202        1    8388608 xvda1
 202       80   83886080 xvdf
 202       81   83883366 xvdf1
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]#

执行刷新命令然后重新查看分区情况

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# partprobe /dev/xvdf
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

 202        1    8388608 xvda1
 202       80   83886080 xvdf
 202       81   83883366 xvdf1
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]#

 

3. 格式化 /dev/xvdf1 分区

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdf1
mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
5242880 inodes, 20970841 blocks
1048542 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
640 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]#

 

4. 创建目录 并将 /dev/xvdf1 挂在到该目录下

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# ls
bin   certificate.pem  etc   key.pem  lib64  lost+found  mnt  proc         root  selinux  sys   tmp  var
boot  dev              home  lib      local  media       opt  request.pem  sbin  srv      temp  usr
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# mkdir /disk01
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# ls
bin   certificate.pem  disk01  home     lib    local       media  opt   request.pem  sbin     srv  temp  usr
boot  dev              etc     key.pem  lib64  lost+found  mnt    proc  root         selinux  sys  tmp   var

挂载磁盘命令：

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# mount /dev/xvdf1 /disk01

 

注：如果需要也可卸载该磁盘，卸载命令：[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# umount /dev/xvdf1

                                      [root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/xvdf1

    如果要对已挂载的磁盘进行重新分区，则在分区前必须先要执行上面的卸载命令进行卸载，然后再重新分区

 

5. 验证挂载是否成功

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1             8256952   7553248    619848  93% /
tmpfs                  3816936         0   3816936   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdf1            82567188    188292  78184728   1% /disk01
[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]#

 

6. 设置开机自动挂载

 

[root@ip-172-**-*8-*7 /]# vi /etc/fstab

# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details

LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

none                    /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

none                    /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

none                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

none                    /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

/dev/xvdf1               /disk01                 ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/hdc                /media/cdrom            auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m

anaged 0 0

/dev/fd0                /media/floppy           auto    pamconsole,exec,noauto,m

anaged 0 0