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工具类简介
1. 如果需要在两条线程间进行更多的信息交互,可以使用管道流。管道流有3种形式存在,即:PipedInputStream、PipedOutputStream、PipedWriter、PipedReader、Pipe.SinkChannel和Pipe.SourceChannel。具体参见《java疯狂讲义》16.6.3。
2. Semaphore可以维护当前访问自身的线程个数,并提供了同步机制。使用Semaphore可以控制同时访问资源的线程个数,例如,实现一个文件允许的并发访问数。
示例代码:
public class SemaphoreTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore sp = new Semaphore(3);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
sp.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"进入,当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发");
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "即将离开");
sp.release();
//下面代码有时候执行不准确,因为其没有和上面的代码合成原子单元
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"已离开,当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发"); }};
service.execute(runnable);
}
}}
3. CyclicBarrier
表示大家彼此等待,大家集合好后才开始出发,分散活动后又在指定地点集合碰面,这就好比整个公司的人员利用周末时间集体郊游一样,先各自从家出发到公司集合后,再同时出发到公园游玩,在指定地点集合后再同时开始就餐,…。
代码示例:
public class CyclicBarrierTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(3);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "即将到达集合地点1,当前已有" + cb.getNumberWaiting() + "个已经到达,正在等候");
cb.await();
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "即将到达集合地点2,当前已有" + cb.getNumberWaiting() + "个已经到达,正在等候");
cb.await();
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "即将到达集合地点3,当前已有" + cb.getNumberWaiting() + "个已经到达,正在等候");
cb.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
service.shutdown();
}
}
4. CountDownLatch
犹如倒计时计数器,调用CountDownLatch对象的countDown方法就将计数器减1,当计数到达0时,则所有等待者或单个等待者开始执行。
可以实现一个人(也可以是多个人)等待其他所有人都来通知他,这犹如一个计划需要多个领导都签字后才能继续向下实施。还可以实现一个人通知多个人的效果,类似裁判一声口令,运动员同时开始奔跑。用这个功能做百米赛跑的游戏程序不错哦!
代码示例:
public class CountdownLatchTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CountDownLatch cdOrder = new CountDownLatch(1);
final CountDownLatch cdAnswer = new CountDownLatch(3);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正准备接受命令");
cdOrder.await();
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已接受命令");
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "回应命令处理结果");
cdAnswer.countDown();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "即将发布命令");
cdOrder.countDown();
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已发送命令,正在等待结果");
cdAnswer.await();
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已收到所有响应结果");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
service.shutdown();
}
}
5. Exchanger
用于实现两个人之间的数据交换,每个人在完成一定的事务后想与对方交换数据,第一个先拿出数据的人将一直等待第二个人拿着数据到来时,才能彼此交换数据。
代码示例:
public class ExchangerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
service.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
String data1 = "zxx";
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println("线程" +
Thread.currentThread().getName() + "换回的数据为" + data2);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
});
service.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
String data1 = "lhm";
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "换回的数据为" + data2);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
});
}
}
注:以上工具类在张孝祥老师的基础加强中有简单讲解。具体详见API。
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