DataGuard

Technical Architecture of DataGuard

Primary Database Name: primary
Service Name: primary
Primary Node:
   SID: primary
   Network name (hostname): node1-prv
   ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle

Standby Database Name: stndby
Service Name: stndby
Standby Node:
   SID: stndby
   Network name (hostname): node2-prv
   ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app/oracle

Primary DB init parameter

primary.__db_cache_size=67108864
primary.__java_pool_size=4194304
primary.__large_pool_size=4194304
primary.__shared_pool_size=88080384
primary.__streams_pool_size=0
*.archive_lag_target=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIMARY/controlfile/o1_mf_26lg83r9_.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PRIMARY/controlfile/o1_mf_26lg844c_.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='primary'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_unique_name='primary'
*.dg_broker_start=TRUE
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=primaryXDB)'
*.fal_client='primary'
*.fal_server='stndby'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,stndby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIMARY/arch
  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=stndby LGWR ASYNC
  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stndby'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
primary.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.log_archive_max_processes=2
*.log_archive_min_succeed_dest=1
primary.log_archive_trace=0
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=167772160
primary.standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIMARY/arch '
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/udump'
*.local_listener=prim

  Standby DB init parameter

stndby.__db_cache_size=75497472
stndby.__java_pool_size=4194304
stndby.__large_pool_size=4194304
stndby.__shared_pool_size=79691776
stndby.__streams_pool_size=0
*.archive_lag_target=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/stndby/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/stndby/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STNDBY/controlfile/stndby01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/STNDBY/controlfile/stndby02.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/stndby/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='primary'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_unique_name='stndby'
*.dg_broker_start=TRUE
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stndbyXDB)'
*.fal_client='stndby'
*.fal_server='primary'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(stndby,primary)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STNDBY/arch
  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stndby'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC
  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.log_archive_max_processes=2
*.log_archive_trace=0
*.db_file_name_convert= 'PRIMARY', 'STNDBY'
*.log_file_name_convert='PRIMARY', 'STNDBY'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=167772160
*.standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STNDBY/arch'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/stndby/udump'
*.local_listener=stnd

Enabling Archiving on primary DB:

Ensure that the primary is in archive log mode

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL>alter database open;

tnsnames/listener.ora configuration:

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db10g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

STNDBY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-prv)(PORT = 10521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = STNDBY)
    )
  )

PRIM =
  (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-prv)(PORT = 10521)))

PRIMARY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-prv)(PORT = 10521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = PRIMARY)
    )
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

Copy the same file to the standby server and adjust it based on the listener.ora file. Also update the listener.ora file so that it listen the SIDs mentioned in the tnsnames.ora file.

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db10g/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER_STBY =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db10g)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = stndby)
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = stndby_DGMGRL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db10g)
    )
  )

LISTENER_STBY =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-prv)(PORT = 10521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

Standby Redo Logs (SLRs)  Creation:

In case of OMF:

Get the max group# of online redo logs on PRIMARY database

SELECT max (group#) from v$logfile;

Create the standby redo logs on the primary database with the same size of that of online redo logs. If the above query retuns the value of 3 and each logfile is 50M in size (from the below query) then, create atleast 4standby redo logs of the size of 50M per thread.

SELECT byte from v$log;

Create the SRL's :

    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 SIZE 50M
    /
    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 SIZE 50M
    /
    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 SIZE 50M
    /
    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 SIZE 50M
    /

Backup the primary DB:

Take a cold/Hot/RMAN backup of the primary database. I used the cold backup in this case.

SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

Backup the datafiles, online redologs and the standby logs if created and scp to the standby server in the corrosponding directory. I used the same directory structure as that with primary.
The only differece was the name of the direcory. For e.g,

On primary database, I have a path  of /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PRIMARY /datafile whereas
On standby server, I have a path of
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/STNDBY /datafile,

This is the reason, I have used the db_file_name_convert parameter in the primary init.ora file with the value of
db_file_name_convert=’PRIMARY’,’STNDBY’

  and in the standby init.ora file with the value of

db_file_name_convert=’STNDBY’, ‘PRIMARY’

Create the Standby Controlfile:

On Primary Database:

  SQL>STARTUP MOUNT;
 SQL>ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/tmp/stndby01.ctl';
 SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

scp the stndby01.ctl file to the standby site. I have multiplexed it in the initstndby.ora file. So I SCPed the same file to both the locations mentioned in the initstndby.ora file.
Also, SCPed the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwprimary file of the primary to the same location on the standby with the name of orapwstndby .

Starting and Verifying the standby DB:

SQL>create spfile from pfile;
SQL>STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

          Verify the Standby :

-          Identify the existing files on the standby

  SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
      FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

   Switch a log on the primary database:

  SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

- Re-Run the same SQL to make sure that the logs are received and applied to
  the standby server.

Verify that these logs were applied :

  SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG
 ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;

Testing Realtime Apply:

On Primary Database : create a table 'test' and insert a record.

  INSERT INTO test VALUES (sysdate);
 COMMIT;

Do not make a log switch because I set up the LGWR ASYNC option so that
The redo should be transferred and applied to the standby server in real time.

On the STANDBY DB server:

SELECT  PROCESS, STATUS,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

ALTER DATABASER RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;

SELECT * FROM test;

You should see the commited transaction.

Place the standby back in managed recover mode

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;

This will take the standby directly from read only mode and place it in managed recovery mode.

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