python之04-DataType-Collections容器类型

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@Author: liuyangly1
@Date : 2021-07-07 21:55:20
@Blog : https://blog.csdn.net/liuyang_1106
@Github: https://github.com/liuyangly1
@Email : 522927317@qq.com

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容器类型ollections

>>> import collections
>>> collections.__all__
['deque', 'defaultdict', 'namedtuple', 'UserDict', 'UserList', 'UserString', 'Counter', 'OrderedDict', 'ChainMap']

1. OrderedDict

OrderedDict 可以理解为有序的dict，底层源码是通过双向链表来实现，每一个元素为一个map存储key-value。

1.1 初始化

>>> p = collections.OrderedDict()
>>> p["a"]=1
>>> p["b"]=2
>>> p["c"]=3
>>> print(p)
OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])

1.2 方法

OrderedDict.clear()        
OrderedDict.fromkeys()   
OrderedDict.items()        
OrderedDict.move_to_end()
OrderedDict.popitem()     
OrderedDict.update()
OrderedDict.copy()        
OrderedDict.get()          
OrderedDict.keys()         
OrderedDict.pop()          
OrderedDict.setdefault()   
OrderedDict.values()

• update，pop，move_to_end和clear

>>> keys=["apple", "banana", "cat"]
>>> value=[4, 5, 6]
# update
>>> p.update(zip(keys,value))
>>> p
OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('apple', 4), ('banana', 5), ('cat', 6)])
# pop
>>> p.pop('a')
1
>>> p
OrderedDict([('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('apple', 4), ('banana', 5), ('cat', 6)])
# move_to_end
>>> p.move_to_end('b')
>>> p
OrderedDict([('c', 3), ('apple', 4), ('banana', 5), ('cat', 6), ('b', 2)])
# del
>>> del(p['c'])
>>> p
OrderedDict([('apple', 4), ('banana', 5), ('cat', 6), ('b', 2)])
# clear
>>> p.clear()
>>> p
OrderedDict()

1.3 demo:json有序读取

import json  
from collections import OrderedDict  
metadata = json.loads(text, object_pairs_hook=OrderedDict)

2. deque

• 双向队列,两端快速添加(append)和弹出(pop)。

2.1 初始化

d = collections.deque([iterable[, maxlen]])

2.2 方法

len(d)、reversed(d)、copy.copy(d)、copy.deepcopy(d)

deque.append(x)
deque.appendleft(x)
deque.clear()
deque.copy()
deque.count(x)
deque.extend(iterable)
deque.xtendleft(iterable)
deque.index(x[, start[, stop]])
deque.insert(i, x)
deque.pop()
deque.popleft()
deque.remove(value)
deque.reverse()
deque.rotate(n=1) # 向右循环移动 n 步。 如果 n 是负数，就向左循环。
deque.maxlen # 只读属性，Deque的最大尺寸

2.3 demo

>>> from collections import deque>>> d = deque('ghi')                 # make a new deque with three items>>> for elem in d:                   # iterate over the deque's elements...     print(elem.upper())GHI>>> d.append('j')                    # add a new entry to the right side>>> d.appendleft('f')                # add a new entry to the left side>>> d                                # show the representation of the dequedeque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])>>> d.pop()                          # return and remove the rightmost item'j'>>> d.popleft()                      # return and remove the leftmost item'f'>>> list(d)                          # list the contents of the deque['g', 'h', 'i']>>> d[0]                             # peek at leftmost item'g'>>> d[-1]                            # peek at rightmost item'i'>>> list(reversed(d))                # list the contents of a deque in reverse['i', 'h', 'g']>>> 'h' in d                         # search the dequeTrue>>> d.extend('jkl')                  # add multiple elements at once>>> ddeque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])>>> d.rotate(1)                      # right rotation>>> ddeque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k'])>>> d.rotate(-1)                     # left rotation>>> ddeque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])>>> deque(reversed(d))               # make a new deque in reverse orderdeque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g'])>>> d.clear()                        # empty the deque>>> d.pop()                          # cannot pop from an empty dequeTraceback (most recent call last):    File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in -toplevel-        d.pop()IndexError: pop from an empty deque>>> d.extendleft('abc')              # extendleft() reverses the input order>>> ddeque(['c', 'b', 'a'])

3. Counter

一个 Counter 是一个 dict 的子类，用于计数可哈希对象。它是一个集合，元素像字典键(key)一样存储，它们的计数存储为值。计数可以是任何整数值，包括0和负数。 Counter 类有点像其他语言中的 bags或multisets。

3.1 初始化

collections.Counter([iterable-or-mapping])

3.2 方法

# 返回一个迭代器，其中每个元素将重复出现计数值所指定次。Counter.elements()# 返回一个列表，其中包含 n 个最常见的元素及出现次数，# 按常见程度由高到低排序。Counter.most_common([n])# 从 迭代对象 或 映射对象 减去元素。像 dict.update()# 但是是减去，而不是替换。Counter.Counter.subtract([iterable-or-mapping])# 通常字典方法都可用于 Counter 对象Counter.fromkeys(iterable)# 从 迭代对象 计数元素或者 从另一个 映射对象 (或计数器) 添加。Counter.update([iterable-or-mapping])

3.3 demo

>>> from collections import deque
>>> d = deque('ghi')                 # make a new deque with three items
>>> for elem in d:                   # iterate over the deque's elements
...     print(elem.upper())
G
H
I

>>> d.append('j')                    # add a new entry to the right side
>>> d.appendleft('f')                # add a new entry to the left side
>>> d                                # show the representation of the deque
deque(['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'])

>>> d.pop()                          # return and remove the rightmost item
'j'
>>> d.popleft()                      # return and remove the leftmost item
'f'
>>> list(d)                          # list the contents of the deque
['g', 'h', 'i']
>>> d[0]                             # peek at leftmost item
'g'
>>> d[-1]                            # peek at rightmost item
'i'

>>> list(reversed(d))                # list the contents of a deque in reverse
['i', 'h', 'g']
>>> 'h' in d                         # search the deque
True
>>> d.extend('jkl')                  # add multiple elements at once
>>> d
deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])
>>> d.rotate(1)                      # right rotation
>>> d
deque(['l', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k'])
>>> d.rotate(-1)                     # left rotation
>>> d
deque(['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'])

>>> deque(reversed(d))               # make a new deque in reverse order
deque(['l', 'k', 'j', 'i', 'h', 'g'])
>>> d.clear()                        # empty the deque
>>> d.pop()                          # cannot pop from an empty deque
Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in -toplevel-
        d.pop()
IndexError: pop from an empty deque

>>> d.extendleft('abc')              # extendleft() reverses the input order
>>> d
deque(['c', 'b', 'a'])

参考

• [1] Python-collections—容器数据类型- Python文档