[ruby koan] about_block

[ruby koan] about_block

block 的2种形式

• {...}

• do ... end

  def test_methods_can_take_blocks
    yielded_result = method_with_block { 1 + 2 }
    assert_equal 3, yielded_result
  end
​
  def test_blocks_can_be_defined_with_do_end_too
    yielded_result = method_with_block do 1 + 2 end
    assert_equal 3, yielded_result
  end

block可以获取参数

• 通过 yield() 给 block 传参

• yield() 可以多次调用，传递多个参数

• 使用 || 声明参数列表，比如 { |item| access item }

  def method_with_block_arguments
    yield("Jim")
  end
​
  def test_blocks_can_take_arguments
    method_with_block_arguments do |argument|
      assert_equal "Jim", argument
    end
  end
  
  def many_yields
    yield(:peanut)
    yield(:butter)
    yield(:and)
    yield(:jelly)
  end
​
  def test_methods_can_call_yield_many_times
    result = []
    many_yields { |item| result << item }
    assert_equal [:peanut, :butter, :and, :jelly], result
  end

方法可以感知是否有使用block来调用

  def yield_tester
    if block_given?
      yield
    else
      :no_block
    end
  end
​
  def test_methods_can_see_if_they_have_been_called_with_a_block
    assert_equal :with_block, yield_tester { :with_block }
    assert_equal :no_block, yield_tester
  end

block的一些性质

• 可以修改block外的变量

• 可以被赋值成变量并显示调用

• 可以作为参数，传递给期待block的函数

  def test_block_can_affect_variables_in_the_code_where_they_are_created
    value = :initial_value
    method_with_block { value = :modified_in_a_block }
    assert_equal :modified_in_a_block, value
  end
​
  def test_blocks_can_be_assigned_to_variables_and_called_explicitly
    add_one = lambda { |n| n + 1 }
    assert_equal 11, add_one.call(10)
​
    # Alternative calling syntax
    assert_equal 11, add_one[10]
  end
​
  def test_stand_alone_blocks_can_be_passed_to_methods_expecting_blocks
    make_upper = lambda { |n| n.upcase }
    result = method_with_block_arguments(&make_upper)
    assert_equal "JIM", result
  end
​
  # ------------------------------------------------------------------
​
  def method_with_explicit_block(&block)
    block.call(10)
  end
​
  def test_methods_can_take_an_explicit_block_argument
    assert_equal 20, method_with_explicit_block { |n| n * 2 }
​
    add_one = lambda { |n| n + 1 }
    assert_equal 11, method_with_explicit_block(&add_one)
  end
​
end