Datawhale 零基础入门CV赛事学习笔记-Task4 模型训练与验证-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liuyi6111/article/details/106448617

Datawhale 零基础入门CV赛事-Task4 模型训练与验证

1 构造验证集

在机器学习模型（特别是深度学习模型）的训练过程中，模型是非常容易过拟合的。深度学习模型在不断的训练过程中训练误差会逐渐降低，但测试误差的走势则不一定。
在模型的训练过程中，模型只能利用训练数据来进行训练，模型并不能接触到测试集上的样本。因此模型如果将训练集学的过好，模型就会记住训练样本的细节，导致模型在测试集的泛化效果较差，这种现象称为过拟合（Overfitting）。与过拟合相对应的是欠拟合（Underfitting），即模型在训练集上的拟合效果较差。
将原训练集和验证集合并，构造一个大训练集用以交叉验证。

# 合并训练集和验证集
full_path = train_path.extend(val_path) # 虽然文件名有重复，但加上 路径后就具有唯一性，可以直接合并
full_label = train_label.extend(val_label) # 不能直接合并，需将 读取道德JSON文件的key换为包含路径的文件名。
# 加载合并后的集和
full_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    SVHNDataset(full_path, full_label,
                transforms.Compose([
                    transforms.Resize((64, 128)),#缩放到固定尺寸
                    transforms.RandomCrop((60, 120)),
                    transforms.ColorJitter(0.3, 0.3, 0.2),#随机颜色变换
                    transforms.RandomRotation(10),#加入随机旋转
                    transforms.ToTensor(),#将图片转换为pytorch 的 tensor
                    transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])#对图像像素进行归一化
    ])), 
    batch_size=40, 
    shuffle=True, 
    num_workers=10, # 设置线程数， win下要注释掉
)

2 模型训练与验证

构造一个10折交叉验证。

# 一个10折交叉 验证的pytorch的简单实现
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader,Dataset   
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
 
 
 
#####构造的训练集####
x = torch.rand(100,28,28) 
y = torch.randn(100,28,28)
x = torch.cat((x,y),dim=0)
label =[1] *100 + [0]*100  
label = torch.tensor(label,dtype=torch.long)
 
######网络结构##########
class Net(nn.Module):
    #定义Net
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__() 
     
        self.fc1   = nn.Linear(28*28, 120) 
        self.fc2   = nn.Linear(120, 84)
        self.fc3   = nn.Linear(84, 2)
  
    def forward(self, x):
       
        x = x.view(-1, self.num_flat_features(x)) 
      
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) 
        x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) 
        x = self.fc3(x) 
        return x
    def num_flat_features(self, x):
        size = x.size()[1:] 
        num_features = 1
        for s in size:
            num_features *= s
        return num_features

##########定义dataset##########
class TraindataSet(Dataset):
    def __init__(self,train_features,train_labels):
        self.x_data = train_features
        self.y_data = train_labels
        self.len = len(train_labels)
    
    def __getitem__(self,index):
        return self.x_data[index],self.y_data[index]
    def __len__(self):
        return self.len
    
    
########k折划分############        
def get_k_fold_data(k, i, X, y):  ###此过程主要是步骤（1）
    # 返回第i折交叉验证时所需要的训练和验证数据，分开放，X_train为训练数据，X_valid为验证数据
    assert k > 1
    fold_size = X.shape[0] // k  # 每份的个数:数据总条数/折数（组数）
    
    X_train, y_train = None, None
    for j in range(k):
        idx = slice(j * fold_size, (j + 1) * fold_size)  #slice(start,end,step)切片函数
        ##idx 为每组 valid
        X_part, y_part = X[idx, :], y[idx]
        if j == i: ###第i折作valid
            X_valid, y_valid = X_part, y_part
        elif X_train is None:
            X_train, y_train = X_part, y_part
        else:
            X_train = torch.cat((X_train, X_part), dim=0) #dim=0增加行数，竖着连接
            y_train = torch.cat((y_train, y_part), dim=0)
    #print(X_train.size(),X_valid.size())
    return X_train, y_train, X_valid,y_valid

# 一个10折交叉 验证的pytorch的简单实现
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader,Dataset   
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
 
 
 
#####构造的训练集####
x = torch.rand(100,28,28) 
y = torch.randn(100,28,28)
x = torch.cat((x,y),dim=0)
label =[1] *100 + [0]*100  
label = torch.tensor(label,dtype=torch.long)
 
######网络结构##########
class Net(nn.Module):
    #定义Net
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__() 
     
        self.fc1   = nn.Linear(28*28, 120) 
        self.fc2   = nn.Linear(120, 84)
        self.fc3   = nn.Linear(84, 2)
  
    def forward(self, x):
       
        x = x.view(-1, self.num_flat_features(x)) 
      
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) 
        x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) 
        x = self.fc3(x) 
        return x
    def num_flat_features(self, x):
        size = x.size()[1:] 
        num_features = 1
        for s in size:
            num_features *= s
        return num_features

##########定义dataset##########
class TraindataSet(Dataset):
    def __init__(self,train_features,train_labels):
        self.x_data = train_features
        self.y_data = train_labels
        self.len = len(train_labels)
    
    def __getitem__(self,index):
        return self.x_data[index],self.y_data[index]
    def __len__(self):
        return self.len
    
    
########k折划分############        
def get_k_fold_data(k, i, X, y):  ###此过程主要是步骤（1）
    # 返回第i折交叉验证时所需要的训练和验证数据，分开放，X_train为训练数据，X_valid为验证数据
    assert k > 1
    fold_size = X.shape[0] // k  # 每份的个数:数据总条数/折数（组数）
    
    X_train, y_train = None, None
    for j in range(k):
        idx = slice(j * fold_size, (j + 1) * fold_size)  #slice(start,end,step)切片函数
        ##idx 为每组 valid
        X_part, y_part = X[idx, :], y[idx]
        if j == i: ###第i折作valid
            X_valid, y_valid = X_part, y_part
        elif X_train is None:
            X_train, y_train = X_part, y_part
        else:
            X_train = torch.cat((X_train, X_part), dim=0) #dim=0增加行数，竖着连接
            y_train = torch.cat((y_train, y_part), dim=0)
    #print(X_train.size(),X_valid.size())
    return X_train, y_train, X_valid,y_valid

3 模型保存与加载

def k_fold(k, X_train, y_train, num_epochs=3,learning_rate=0.001, weight_decay=0.1, batch_size=5):
    train_loss_sum, valid_loss_sum = 0, 0
    train_acc_sum ,valid_acc_sum = 0,0
    
    for i in range(k):
        data = get_k_fold_data(k, i, X_train, y_train) # 获取k折交叉验证的训练和验证数据
        net =  Net()  ### 实例化模型
        ### 每份数据进行训练,体现步骤三####
        train_ls, valid_ls = train(net, *data, num_epochs, learning_rate,\
                                   weight_decay, batch_size) 
       
        print('*'*25,'第',i+1,'折','*'*25)
        print('train_loss:%.6f'%train_ls[-1][0],'train_acc:%.4f\n'%valid_ls[-1][1],\
              'valid loss:%.6f'%valid_ls[-1][0],'valid_acc:%.4f'%valid_ls[-1][1])
        train_loss_sum += train_ls[-1][0]
        valid_loss_sum += valid_ls[-1][0]
        train_acc_sum += train_ls[-1][1]
        valid_acc_sum += valid_ls[-1][1]
    print('#'*10,'最终k折交叉验证结果','#'*10) 
    ####体现步骤四#####
    print('train_loss_sum:%.4f'%(train_loss_sum/k),'train_acc_sum:%.4f\n'%(train_acc_sum/k),\
          'valid_loss_sum:%.4f'%(valid_loss_sum/k),'valid_acc_sum:%.4f'%(valid_acc_sum/k))

4 模型调参流程

#########训练函数##########
def train(net, train_features, train_labels, test_features, test_labels, num_epochs, learning_rate,weight_decay, batch_size):
    train_ls, test_ls = [], [] ##存储train_loss,test_loss
    dataset = TraindataSet(train_features, train_labels) 
    train_iter = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size, shuffle=True) 
    ### 将数据封装成 Dataloder 对应步骤（2）
    
    #这里使用了Adam优化算法
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(params=net.parameters(), lr= learning_rate, weight_decay=weight_decay)
    
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        for X, y in train_iter:  ###分批训练 
            output  = net(X)
            loss = loss_func(output,y)
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
        ### 得到每个epoch的 loss 和 accuracy 
        train_ls.append(log_rmse(0,net, train_features, train_labels)) 
        if test_labels is not None:
            test_ls.append(log_rmse(1,net, test_features, test_labels))
    #print(train_ls,test_ls)
    return train_ls, test_ls
 
def log_rmse(flag,net,x,y):
    if flag == 1: ### valid 数据集
        net.eval()
    output = net(x)
    result = torch.max(output,1)[1].view(y.size())
    corrects = (result.data == y.data).sum().item()
    accuracy = corrects*100.0/len(y)  #### 5 是 batch_size
    loss = loss_func(output,y)
    net.train()
    
    return (loss.data.item(),accuracy)
 
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() ###申明loss函数
k_fold(10,x,label) ### k=10,十折交叉验证