本人日常工作中经常与不同软件厂商进行接口对接，不同的厂商接口调用方式五花八门，但主要分为两大阵营：http和webservice。本文以Java为例，总结调用webservice服务的几种方式。
一、利用命令或工具将WebService提供的wsdl文件生成对应的java类，这样就可以像调用本地类一样调用webService提供的接口。这种方法的优点是调用简单，无需自己编写太多的东西。缺点同样很明显，生成的代码过于庞大，不便于阅读，显得很累赘。
二、AXIS远程调用，代码如下：
import org.apache.axis.Constants;
import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//服务地址
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
//命名空间
String namespaceURI = "http://www.exampletest.com/";
//方法名
String method = "invoke";
try {
Service service = new Service();
Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
call.setTargetEndpointAddress(url);
//设置要调用的方法
call.setOperationName(new QName(namespaceURI, method));
//设置要返回的数据类型
call.setReturnType(new QName(namespaceURI, method), String.class);
call.setUseSOAPAction(true);
call.setSOAPActionURI(namespaceURI + method);
//设置入参
call.addParameter(new QName(namespaceURI, "consumer"), Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
call.addParameter(new QName(namespaceURI, "serviceName"), Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
call.addParameter(new QName(namespaceURI, "params"), Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
//调用方法并传递参数
String resultStr = (String) call.invoke(new Object[]{"test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061001\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}"});
System.out.println("服务调用结果：" + resultStr);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}对应jar包的maven依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis-jaxrpc</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>该种方式调用简单，一般不需要自己组织请求报文和解析返回报文 。
三、通过HttpURLConnection进行调用，代码如下：
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//服务地址
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
//第一步：创建服务地址
URL httpUrl = new URL(url);
//第二步：打开一个通向服务地址的连接
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) httpUrl.openConnection();
//第三步：设置参数
//3.1发送方式设置：POST必须大写
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
//3.2设置数据格式：content-type，这个根据实际情况来确定
connection.setRequestProperty("content-type", "application/atom+xml;charset=utf-8");
//3.3设置输入输出，因为默认新创建的connection没有读写权限，
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setDoOutput(true);
//第四步：组织SOAP数据，发送请求
String soapXML = getXML("test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}");
//将信息以流的方式发送出去
OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();
os.write(soapXML.getBytes());
//第五步：接收服务端响应，打印
InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String temp = null;
while(null != (temp = br.readLine())){
sb.append(temp);
}
System.out.println("服务调用结果：" + sb.toString());
is.close();
isr.close();
br.close();
}
/**
* @Author admin
* @Description 组装xml报文
* @Date 15:47 2022/5/1
* @Param [consumer, serviceName, para]
* @return java.lang.String
**/
public static String getXML(String consumer, String serviceName, String paraStr){
String soapXML = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:dar=\"http://www.darewayhealth.com/\">\n" +
" <soapenv:Header/>\n" +
" <soapenv:Body>\n" +
" <dar:invoke>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:consumerId>" + consumer + "</dar:consumerId>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:serviceName>" + serviceName + "</dar:serviceName>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:params>" + paraStr + "</dar:params>\n" +
" </dar:invoke>\n" +
" </soapenv:Body>\n" +
"</soapenv:Envelope>";
return soapXML;
}
}该种方式一般需要自己组织请求的xml报文，自己解析返回的xml报文。
四、通过HttpClient进行调用，代码如下：
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//服务地址
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
String soap = getXML("test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}");
try {
byte[] b = soap.getBytes("utf-8");
InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(b, 0, b.length);
RequestEntity re = new InputStreamRequestEntity(is, b.length,
"application/atom;charset=utf-8");
postMethod.setRequestEntity(re);
httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
String soapResponseData = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
System.out.println("服务调用结果：" + soapResponseData);
postMethod.releaseConnection();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @Author admin
* @Description 组装xml报文
* @Date 15:47 2022/5/1
* @Param [consumer, serviceName, para]
* @return java.lang.String
**/
public static String getXML(String consumer, String serviceName, String paraStr){
String soapXML = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:dar=\"http://www.darewayhealth.com/\">\n" +
" <soapenv:Header/>\n" +
" <soapenv:Body>\n" +
" <dar:invoke>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:consumerId>" + consumer + "</dar:consumerId>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:serviceName>" + serviceName + "</dar:serviceName>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:params>" + paraStr + "</dar:params>\n" +
" </dar:invoke>\n" +
" </soapenv:Body>\n" +
"</soapenv:Envelope>";
return soapXML;
}
}该方式的特点同方式三。
五、通过CloseableHttpClient进行调用，代码如下：
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//服务地址
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
int timeout = 180000;
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(timeout).setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout).setSocketTimeout(timeout).build();
HttpPost httpPost = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity resEntity = null;
try {
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setConfig(defaultRequestConfig);
String xmlStr = getXML("test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}");
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(xmlStr, Consts.UTF_8));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
resEntity = response.getEntity();
String resStr = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, Consts.UTF_8);
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
System.out.println("服务调用结果：" + resStr);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
} catch (IOException var21) {
var21.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* @Author admin
* @Description 组装xml报文
* @Date 15:47 2022/5/1
* @Param [consumer, serviceName, para]
* @return java.lang.String
**/
public static String getXML(String consumer, String serviceName, String paraStr){
String soapXML = "<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:dar=\"http://www.darewayhealth.com/\">\n" +
" <soapenv:Header/>\n" +
" <soapenv:Body>\n" +
" <dar:invoke>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:consumerId>" + consumer + "</dar:consumerId>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:serviceName>" + serviceName + "</dar:serviceName>\n" +
" <!--Optional:-->\n" +
" <dar:params>" + paraStr + "</dar:params>\n" +
" </dar:invoke>\n" +
" </soapenv:Body>\n" +
"</soapenv:Envelope>";
return soapXML;
}
}该方式的特点同方式三。
六、使用XFire调用，代码如下：
import org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client;
import java.net.URL;
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//服务地址
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
//方法名
String method = "invoke";
Client client = new Client(new URL(url));
Object[] result = client.invoke(method, new Object[]{"test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}"});
System.out.println("服务调用结果：" + result[0]);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}需要xfire-all-1.2.6.jar包，maven依赖如下：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.xfire</groupId>
<artifactId>xfire-all</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>该方式比较古老了，本文只做介绍，后面都用新版本CXF了。值得一提的是，在测试该方式的时候报了一个错误，如下：
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.ws.commons.schema.XmlSchemaComplexType.getAttributes()Lorg/apache/ws/commons/schema/XmlSchemaObjectCollection;
at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.hasAttributes(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:662)
at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.isWrapped(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:582)
at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.visit(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:392)
at org.codehaus.xfire.wsdl11.parser.WSDLServiceBuilder.build(WSDLServiceBuilder.java:195)
at org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client.initFromDefinition(Client.java:264)
at org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client.<init>(Client.java:236)
at org.codehaus.xfire.client.Client.<init>(Client.java:246)方法不存在，原因其实是包冲突，xfire所依赖的低版本的XmlSchema-1.1.jar与cxf所依赖的高版本的xmlschema-core-2.2.5.jar冲突，删掉高版本的就解决了。
七、通过CXF调用，代码如下：
import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.Client;
import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.dynamic.DynamicClientFactory;
public class WebServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//服务地址
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/service-test/services/gateway?wsdl";
//方法名
String method = "invoke";
try {
DynamicClientFactory factory = DynamicClientFactory.newInstance();
Client client = factory.createClient(url);
Object[] resultObject = client.invoke(method, new Object[]{"test", "queryOrder", "{\"tradeno\":\"1648100061003\",\"mchid\":\"10001\"}"});
String resultStr = resultObject[0].toString(); //接口调用结果
System.out.println("服务调用结果：" + resultStr);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}该种方式一般不需要自己组织请求报文和解析返回报文，比较简单。
总结，以上七种方式各有特点，推荐使用AXIS方式或CXF方式或者HTTP方式中的其中一种。
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