LTP语义依赖关系说明
中文语法分析是目前的自然语言处理的主要任务之一,语义依赖分析是目前实施中文语法分析的主要理论技术,开源的工具则主要有stanford parser和哈工大的语音云LTP。
LTP语义依赖关系说明
附:LTP依存分析模块所使用的依存关系标记含义 (http://ir.hit.edu.cn/demo/ltp)
依存关系标记(共24个)
定中关系ATT(attribute)
数量关系QUN(quantity)
并列关系COO(coordinate)
同位关系APP(appositive)
前附加关系LAD(left adjunct)
后附加关系RAD(right adjunct)
动宾关系VOB(verb-object)
介宾关系POB(preposition-object)
主谓关系SBV(subject-verb)
比拟关系SIM(similarity)
核心HED(head)
连动结构VV(verb-verb)
关联结构CNJ(conjunctive)
语态结构MT(mood-tense)
独立结构IS(independent structure)
状中结构ADV(adverbial)
动补结构CMP(complement)
“的”字结构DE
“地”字结构DI
“得”字结构DEI
“把”字结构BA
“被”字结构BEI
独立分句IC(independent clause)
依存分句DC(dependent clause)
stanford语义依赖关系说明
CoreNLP中的依存关系有50来种(都是二元的关系),下面总结:
acomp: adjectival complement
用于动词的形容词补语。
动词–>形容词
“She looks very beautiful.” acomp(looks,beautiful)advcl: adverbial clause modifier
修饰动词的状语从句。
主句中的动词–>从句中的主要成分
“The accident happened as the night was falling” advcl(happened, falling)advmod: adverb modifier
(非从句)的副词。
被修饰者–>副词
“Genetically modified food” advmod(modified, genetically)agent: agent
用于补充过去时态的动词,通常跟着介词“by”。
过去时态的动词–>补充的名词
“The man has been killed by the police” agent(killed, police)amod: adjectival modifier
修饰名词短语的形容修饰语。
名词短语–>形容修饰语
“Sam eats red meat” amod(meat, red)appos: appostional modifier
修饰名词短语的名词短语(通常紧挨着)
被修饰的名词短语–>名词短语
“Bill ( John ’s cousin ) ” appos(Bill, cousin)aux: auxiliary
助动词
动词–>助动词
“Reagan has died ”aux(died, has)auxpass: passive auxiliary
过去式的助动词
动词–>过去式的助动词
“Kennedy has been killed” auxpass(killed, been)cc: coordination
第一个并列词–> 协同关系词
“Bill is big and honest” cc(big, and)ccomp: clausal complement
被补充说明的词–>补语从句的主要成分(决定语义的词)
“He says that you like to swim” ccomp(says, like)conj: conjunct
用协同连词(and、or)连接的两个元素
第一个元素–>第二个元素
“Bill is big and honest” conj(big, honest)cop: copula
系动词
表语–>系动词
“Bill is big” cop(big, is)csubj: clausual subject
主语从句
谓语动词–>主语从句中的主要成分
“What she said makes sense” csubj(makes, said)csubjpass: clausal passive subject
主从被动关系
谓语动词(被动)–>主语从句中的主要成分
“That she lied was suspected by everyone” csubjpass(suspected, lied)dep: dependent
系统无法识别的依赖关系
“Then, as if to show that he could, … ” dep(show, if)det: determiner
限定词
名词短语–>限定词
“The man is here” det(man, the)discourse: discourse element
句子主要部分–>感叹词、语气词
“Iguazu is in Argentina :) ” discourse(is, :))dobj: direct object
动词(给予)–>直接宾语
“She gave me a raise” dobj(gave, raise)expl: expletive
从句的主要动词–>there
“There is a ghost in the room” expl(is, There)goeswith: goes with
两个本来应该连在一起的词
第二部分–>第一部分
They come here with out legal permission gosewith(out, with)iobj: indirect object
动词(给予)–>间接宾语
“She gave me a raise” iobj(gave, me)mark: marker
从句的主要成分–>从句修饰的主体(标记语)
”He says that you like to swim“ marker(swim,that)mwe: multi-word expression
固定搭配
“I like dogs as well as cats” mwe(well, as)neg: negation modifier
否定修饰
被修饰词–>否定词
“Bill is not a scientist” neg(scientist, not)nn: noun compound modifier
名词合成修饰
“Oil price futures” nn(futures, oil) nn(futures, price)npadvmod: noun phrase as adverbial modifier
名词短语作为副词修饰
副词修饰的词–>名词
“The director is 65 years old” npadvmod(old, years)nsubj: nominal subject
名词性主语
句子的主要成分(一般是动词)–>主语
“Clinton defeated Dole” nsubj(defeated, Clinton)nsubjpass: passive nominal subject
被动的名词主语
句子的主要成分–>主语(被动)
“Dole was defeated by Clinton” nsubjpass(defeated, Dole)num: numeric modifier
数词
名词–>数量
“Sam ate 3 sheep” num(sheep, 3)number: element of compound number
复合形式的数词
“I have four thousand sheep” number(thousand, four)parataxis: parataxis
并列
主要动词–>并列句的主要成分
“The guy, John said, left early in the morning” parataxis(left, said)pcomp: prepositional complement
介词的补语
介词–>从句的主要成分
“We have no information on whether users are at risk” pcomp(on, are)pobj: object of a preposition
介词的宾语
介词–>宾语
“I sat on the chair” pobj(on, chair)poss: possession modifier
所属修饰
拥有者–>拥有物品
“their offices” poss(offices, their)possessive: possessive modifier
所属修饰
拥有者–>’s
“Bill’s clothes” possessive(Bill, ’s)preconj: preconjunct
名词短语的前部–>连词前面出现的词(both、either、neither)
“Both the boys and the girls are here” preconj(boys, both)predet: predeterminer
名词短语的前部–>在限定词前面出现的词
“All the boys are here” predet(boys, all)prep: prepositional modifier
介词修饰
名词–>介词
“I saw a cat in a hat” prep(cat, in)prepc: prepositional clausal modifier
介词从句修饰
主句主要词–>从句主要词
“He purchased it without paying a premium” prepc without(purchased, paying)prt: phrasal verb particle
动词短语
“They shut down the station” prt(shut, down)punct: punctuation
标点
“Go home!” punct(Go, !)quantmod: quantifier phrase modifier
数量短语
数量–>数量修饰
“About 200 people came to the party” quantmod(200, About)rcmod: relative clause modifier
关系从句修饰
名词短语的第一个词–>关系动词的主要词
“I saw the man you love” rcmod(man, love)ref: referent
指代关系
被指代词–>指代词
“I saw the book which you bought” ref (book, which)root: root
根节点
“I love French fries.” root(ROOT, love)tmod: temporal modifier
时间修饰
句子主要词(通常是动词)–>时间词
“Last night, I swam in the pool” tmod(swam, night)vmod: reduced non-finite verbal modifier
非谓语动词(to do)修饰
修饰对象–>非谓语动词
“Points to establish are … ” vmod(points, establish)xcomp: open clausal complement
开放从句(缺少主语的从句)补语
开放从句的补足对象(动词)–>开放从句的动词
“He says that you like to swim” xcomp(like, swim)xsubj: controlling subject
开放从句的动词–>实际控制对象(名词)
“Tom likes to eat fish” xsubj(eat, Tom)