透彻了解红黑树之三

 
//一、左旋代码分析   
/*----------------------------------------------------------- 
|   node           right 
|   / /    ==>     / / 
|   a  right     node  y 
|       / /       / /     
|       b  y     a   b    //左旋 
-----------------------------------------------------------*/  
static rb_node_t* rb_rotate_left(rb_node_t* node, rb_node_t* root)  
{  
    rb_node_t* right = node->right;    //指定指针指向 right<--node->right   
   
    if ((node->right = right->left))    
    {  
        right->left->parent = node;  //好比上面的注释图,node成为b的父母   
    }  
    right->left = node;   //node成为right的左孩子   
   
    if ((right->parent = node->parent))  
    {  
        if (node == node->parent->right)  
        {  
            node->parent->right = right;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            node->parent->left = right;  
        }  
    }  
    else  
    {  
        root = right;  
    }  
    node->parent = right;  //right成为node的父母   
   
    return root;  
}  
  
  
//二、右旋   
/*----------------------------------------------------------- 
|       node            left 
|       / /             / / 
|    left  y   ==>    a    node 
|   / /                    / / 
|  a   b                  b   y  //右旋与左旋差不多,分析略过 
-----------------------------------------------------------*/  
static rb_node_t* rb_rotate_right(rb_node_t* node, rb_node_t* root)  
{  
    rb_node_t* left = node->left;  
   
    if ((node->left = left->right))  
    {  
        left->right->parent = node;  
    }  
    left->right = node;  
   
    if ((left->parent = node->parent))  
    {  
        if (node == node->parent->right)  
        {  
            node->parent->right = left;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            node->parent->left = left;  
        }  
    }  
    else  
    {  
        root = left;  
    }  
    node->parent = left;  
   
    return root;  
}  
  
  
//三、红黑树查找结点   
//----------------------------------------------------   
//rb_search_auxiliary:查找   
//rb_node_t* rb_search:返回找到的结点   
//----------------------------------------------------   
static rb_node_t* rb_search_auxiliary(key_t key, rb_node_t* root, rb_node_t** save)  
{  
    rb_node_t *node = root, *parent = NULL;  
    int ret;  
   
    while (node)  
    {  
        parent = node;  
        ret = node->key - key;  
        if (0 < ret)  
        {  
            node = node->left;  
        }  
        else if (0 > ret)  
        {  
            node = node->right;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            return node;  
        }  
    }  
   
    if (save)  
    {  
        *save = parent;  
    }  
   
    return NULL;  
}  
  
//返回上述rb_search_auxiliary查找结果   
rb_node_t* rb_search(key_t key, rb_node_t* root)  
{  
    return rb_search_auxiliary(key, root, NULL);  
}  
  
  
//四、红黑树的插入   
//---------------------------------------------------------   
//红黑树的插入结点   
rb_node_t* rb_insert(key_t key, data_t data, rb_node_t* root)  
{  
    rb_node_t *parent = NULL, *node;  
   
    parent = NULL;  
    if ((node = rb_search_auxiliary(key, root, &parent)))  //调用rb_search_auxiliary找到插入结   
  
点的地方  
    {  
        return root;  
    }  
   
    node = rb_new_node(key, data);  //分配结点   
    node->parent = parent;     
    node->left = node->right = NULL;  
    node->color = RED;  
   
    if (parent)  
    {  
        if (parent->key > key)  
        {  
            parent->left = node;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            parent->right = node;  
        }  
    }  
    else  
    {  
        root = node;  
    }  
   
    return rb_insert_rebalance(node, root);   //插入结点后,调用rb_insert_rebalance修复红黑树   
  
的性质  
}  
  
  
//五、红黑树的3种插入情况   
//接下来,咱们重点分析针对红黑树插入的3种情况,而进行的修复工作。   
//--------------------------------------------------------------   
//红黑树修复插入的3种情况   
//为了在下面的注释中表示方便,也为了让下述代码与我的倆篇文章相对应,   
//用z表示当前结点,p[z]表示父母、p[p[z]]表示祖父、y表示叔叔。   
//--------------------------------------------------------------   
static rb_node_t* rb_insert_rebalance(rb_node_t *node, rb_node_t *root)  
{  
    rb_node_t *parent, *gparent, *uncle, *tmp;  //父母p[z]、祖父p[p[z]]、叔叔y、临时结点*tmp   
   
    while ((parent = node->parent) && parent->color == RED)  
    {     //parent 为node的父母,且当父母的颜色为红时   
        gparent = parent->parent;   //gparent为祖父   
    
        if (parent == gparent->left)  //当祖父的左孩子即为父母时。   
                                 //其实上述几行语句,无非就是理顺孩子、父母、祖父的关系。:D。   
        {  
            uncle = gparent->right;  //定义叔叔的概念,叔叔y就是父母的右孩子。   
  
            if (uncle && uncle->color == RED) //情况1:z的叔叔y是红色的   
            {  
                uncle->color = BLACK;   //将叔叔结点y着为黑色   
                parent->color = BLACK;  //z的父母p[z]也着为黑色。解决z,p[z]都是红色的问题。   
                gparent->color = RED;    
                node = gparent;     //将祖父当做新增结点z,指针z上移俩层,且着为红色。   
    //上述情况1中,只考虑了z作为父母的右孩子的情况。   
            }  
            else                     //情况2:z的叔叔y是黑色的,   
            {     
                if (parent->right == node)  //且z为右孩子   
                {  
                    root = rb_rotate_left(parent, root); //左旋[结点z,与父母结点]   
                    tmp = parent;  
                    parent = node;  
                    node = tmp;     //parent与node 互换角色   
                }  
                             //情况3:z的叔叔y是黑色的,此时z成为了左孩子。   
                                    //注意,1:情况3是由上述情况2变化而来的。   
                                    //......2:z的叔叔总是黑色的,否则就是情况1了。   
                parent->color = BLACK;   //z的父母p[z]着为黑色   
                gparent->color = RED;    //原祖父结点着为红色   
                root = rb_rotate_right(gparent, root); //右旋[结点z,与祖父结点]   
            }  
        }   
   
        else   
        {       
   //这部分是特别为情况1中,z作为左孩子情况,而写的。   
            uncle = gparent->left;  //祖父的左孩子作为叔叔结点。[原理还是与上部分一样的]   
            if (uncle && uncle->color == RED)  //情况1:z的叔叔y是红色的   
            {  
                uncle->color = BLACK;  
                parent->color = BLACK;  
                gparent->color = RED;  
                node = gparent;           //同上。   
            }  
            else                               //情况2:z的叔叔y是黑色的,   
            {  
                if (parent->left == node)  //且z为左孩子   
                {  
                    root = rb_rotate_right(parent, root);  //以结点parent、root右旋   
                    tmp = parent;  
                    parent = node;  
                    node = tmp;       //parent与node 互换角色   
                }   
                  //经过情况2的变化,成为了情况3.   
                parent->color = BLACK;  
                gparent->color = RED;  
                root = rb_rotate_left(gparent, root);   //以结点gparent和root左旋   
            }  
        }  
    }  
   
    root->color = BLACK; //根结点,不论怎样,都得置为黑色。   
    return root;      //返回根结点。   
}  
  
  
//六、红黑树的删除   
//------------------------------------------------------------   
//红黑树的删除结点   
rb_node_t* rb_erase(key_t key, rb_node_t *root)  
{  
    rb_node_t *child, *parent, *old, *left, *node;  
    color_t color;  
   
    if (!(node = rb_search_auxiliary(key, root, NULL)))  //调用rb_search_auxiliary查找要删除的   
  
结点  
    {  
        printf("key %d is not exist!/n");  
        return root;  
    }  
   
    old = node;  
   
    if (node->left && node->right)  
    {  
        node = node->right;  
        while ((left = node->left) != NULL)  
        {  
            node = left;  
        }  
        child = node->right;  
        parent = node->parent;  
        color = node->color;  
    
        if (child)  
        {  
            child->parent = parent;  
        }  
        if (parent)  
        {  
            if (parent->left == node)  
            {  
                parent->left = child;  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                parent->right = child;  
            }  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            root = child;  
        }  
    
        if (node->parent == old)  
        {  
            parent = node;  
        }  
    
        node->parent = old->parent;  
        node->color = old->color;  
        node->right = old->right;  
        node->left = old->left;  
    
        if (old->parent)  
        {  
            if (old->parent->left == old)  
            {  
                old->parent->left = node;  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                old->parent->right = node;  
            }  
        }   
        else  
        {  
            root = node;  
        }  
    
        old->left->parent = node;  
        if (old->right)  
        {  
            old->right->parent = node;  
        }  
    }  
    else  
    {  
        if (!node->left)  
        {  
            child = node->right;  
        }  
        else if (!node->right)  
        {  
            child = node->left;  
        }  
        parent = node->parent;  
        color = node->color;  
    
        if (child)  
        {  
            child->parent = parent;  
        }  
        if (parent)  
        {  
            if (parent->left == node)  
            {  
                parent->left = child;  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                parent->right = child;  
            }  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            root = child;  
        }  
    }  
   
    free(old);  
   
    if (color == BLACK)  
    {  
        root = rb_erase_rebalance(child, parent, root); //调用rb_erase_rebalance来恢复红黑树性   
  
质  
    }  
   
    return root;  
}  
  
  
//七、红黑树的4种删除情况   
//----------------------------------------------------------------   
//红黑树修复删除的4种情况   
//为了表示下述注释的方便,也为了让下述代码与我的倆篇文章相对应,   
//x表示要删除的结点,*other、w表示兄弟结点,   
//----------------------------------------------------------------   
static rb_node_t* rb_erase_rebalance(rb_node_t *node, rb_node_t *parent, rb_node_t *root)  
{  
    rb_node_t *other, *o_left, *o_right;   //x的兄弟*other,兄弟左孩子*o_left,*o_right   
   
    while ((!node || node->color == BLACK) && node != root)   
    {  
        if (parent->left == node)  
        {  
            other = parent->right;  
            if (other->color == RED)   //情况1:x的兄弟w是红色的   
            {  
                other->color = BLACK;    
                parent->color = RED;   //上俩行,改变颜色,w->黑、p[x]->红。   
                root = rb_rotate_left(parent, root);  //再对p[x]做一次左旋   
                other = parent->right;  //x的新兄弟new w 是旋转之前w的某个孩子。其实就是左旋后   
  
的效果。  
            }  
            if ((!other->left || other->left->color == BLACK) &&  
                (!other->right || other->right->color == BLACK))    
                          //情况2:x的兄弟w是黑色,且w的俩个孩子也   
  
都是黑色的  
  
            {                         //由于w和w的俩个孩子都是黑色的,则在x和w上得去掉一黑色,   
                other->color = RED;   //于是,兄弟w变为红色。   
                node = parent;    //p[x]为新结点x   
                parent = node->parent;  //x<-p[x]   
            }  
            else                       //情况3:x的兄弟w是黑色的,   
            {                          //且,w的左孩子是红色,右孩子为黑色。   
                if (!other->right || other->right->color == BLACK)  
                {  
                    if ((o_left = other->left))   //w和其左孩子left[w],颜色交换。   
                    {  
                        o_left->color = BLACK;    //w的左孩子变为由黑->红色   
                    }   
                    other->color = RED;           //w由黑->红   
                    root = rb_rotate_right(other, root);  //再对w进行右旋,从而红黑性质恢复。   
                    other = parent->right;        //变化后的,父结点的右孩子,作为新的兄弟结点   
  
w。  
                }  
                            //情况4:x的兄弟w是黑色的   
      
                other->color = parent->color;  //把兄弟节点染成当前节点父节点的颜色。   
                parent->color = BLACK;  //把当前节点父节点染成黑色   
                if (other->right)      //且w的右孩子是红   
                {  
                    other->right->color = BLACK;  //兄弟节点w右孩子染成黑色   
                }  
                root = rb_rotate_left(parent, root);  //并再做一次左旋   
                node = root;   //并把x置为根。   
                break;  
            }  
        }  
  //下述情况与上述情况,原理一致。分析略。   
        else  
        {  
            other = parent->left;  
            if (other->color == RED)  
            {  
                other->color = BLACK;  
                parent->color = RED;  
                root = rb_rotate_right(parent, root);  
                other = parent->left;  
            }  
            if ((!other->left || other->left->color == BLACK) &&  
                (!other->right || other->right->color == BLACK))  
            {  
                other->color = RED;  
                node = parent;  
                parent = node->parent;  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                if (!other->left || other->left->color == BLACK)  
                {  
                    if ((o_right = other->right))  
                    {  
                        o_right->color = BLACK;  
                    }  
                    other->color = RED;  
                    root = rb_rotate_left(other, root);  
                    other = parent->left;  
                }  
                other->color = parent->color;  
                parent->color = BLACK;  
                if (other->left)  
                {  
                    other->left->color = BLACK;  
                }  
                root = rb_rotate_right(parent, root);  
                node = root;  
                break;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
   
    if (node)  
    {  
        node->color = BLACK;  //最后将node[上述步骤置为了根结点],改为黑色。   
    }    
    return root;  //返回root   
}  
  
  
//八、测试用例   
//主函数   
int main()  
{  
    int i, count = 100;  
    key_t key;  
    rb_node_t* root = NULL, *node = NULL;  
      
    srand(time(NULL));  
    for (i = 1; i < count; ++i)  
    {  
        key = rand() % count;  
        if ((root = rb_insert(key, i, root)))  
        {  
            printf("[i = %d] insert key %d success!/n", i, key);  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            printf("[i = %d] insert key %d error!/n", i, key);  
            exit(-1);  
        }  
    
        if ((node = rb_search(key, root)))  
        {  
            printf("[i = %d] search key %d success!/n", i, key);  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            printf("[i = %d] search key %d error!/n", i, key);  
            exit(-1);  
        }  
        if (!(i % 10))  
        {  
            if ((root = rb_erase(key, root)))  
            {  
                printf("[i = %d] erase key %d success/n", i, key);  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                printf("[i = %d] erase key %d error/n", i, key);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
   
    return 0;  
}  

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