文件上传

1.普通的表单
客户端
默认:
浏览器会将form表单中的控件名字和我们添加的内容组装成KEY=VALUE&key1=value1…发送出去

<form action="" method="GET/POST" encype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">

服务器端:
    Tomcat: 接收请求后把请求中的每一部分都打包到request对象中，所以request对象对应整个的请求报文。

       setHeader 
       setProtocol
       setParameter()
       Servlet中：
       request.getParameter()
       request.getRequestDispatcher()
       request.getHeader(String)
       request.getRequestURL()

2.带有文件上传的表单：普通表单处理方式不可行
客户端

 <form action="" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
     
 </form>
    
    <!--
    底层浏览器会把文件以二进制的形式发送大到服务器，把请求的其他参数以分隔符分割，多部分的形式发送到服务器。
    
    ----WebKitFormBoundary1Xwog41XwDVPhqIL
    name="username"
    xxx
    ----WebKitFormBoundary1Xwog41XwDVPhqIL
    name="email"
    xxx
    ----WebKitFormBoundary1Xwog41XwDVPhqIL
    二进制文件-->

服务器端

Tomcat: 接收请求，

   setProtocol 
   setInputStream
   setHeader
   setRequestURL
   setAttribute 
   不会setParameter()

Servlet:
可以用除了getParameter之外的其他方法，但是无法通过request.getParameter()获得参数，需要从请求头中获得分隔符，然后获得输入流 request.getInputStream()获得参数手动按照分隔符解析参数。
一般交给第三方文件上传的组件了

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet("/upload")
public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        try {
            List<FileItem> fileItems = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(request);
            //FileItem 表示每一个参数 可能是表单数据
            for (FileItem item:fileItems){
                if (item.isFormField()){
                    String name = item.getFieldName();
                    String value = item.getString("UTF-8");
                }else {
                    String fileName = item.getName();
                    try {
                        item.write(new File(this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/"+fileName)));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}