Android Gradlew

Gradle

  Gradle是基于Groovy的特定领域语言（DSL）编写的一种自动化构建工具，Groovy是由Java代码实现的一种高级语言。

  Gradle非常容易支持定制，并且在Java世界中有着广泛的应用。

Gradlew

  Android应用程序基本都是使用开源工具Gradle构建的。

  gradlew就是gradle wrapper，是gradle的一个封装，可以理解为这个项目本地就封装了一个gradle。

  gradlew是给Unix用户使用的，gradlew.bat也是gradle wraper，是给windows用户使用的。

  当使用Android Studio创建一个新的Android工程时，默认就创建了Gradle构建文件，其包括build.gradle、settings.gradle、app/build.gradle。

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Android应用标准项目结构中的Gradle

  Android项目架构图：

• 设置文件settings.gradle
• 顶级构建文件build.gradle
• 模块级构建文件build.gradle
• 属性文件gradle.properties

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设置文件settings.gradle

  设置文件settings.gradle位于 项目根目录 ，用于指示Gradle在构建应用时将哪些模块包括在内。

多模块项目，需要指定最终构建中的每个模块。

include ':app'
include ':sogou_location_sdk'

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顶级构建文件build.gradle

  顶级构建文件build.gradle位于 项目根目录 ，用于定义适用于项目中所有模块的构建配置。

默认情况下，这个顶级构建文件使用 buildscript{} 代码块来定义项目中所有模块共用的Gradle 存储区 和 依赖项。

/**
 * The buildscript {} block is where you configure the repositories and
 * dependencies for Gradle itself--meaning, you should not include dependencies
 * for your modules here. For example, this block includes the Android plugin for
 * Gradle as a dependency because it provides the additional instructions Gradle
 * needs to build Android app modules.
 */

buildscript {

    /**
     * The repositories {} block configures the repositories Gradle uses to
     * search or download the dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote
     * repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use local
     * repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below defines
     * JCenter as the repository Gradle should use to look for its dependencies.
     */

    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }

    /**
     * The dependencies {} block configures the dependencies Gradle needs to use
     * to build your project. The following line adds Android Plugin for Gradle
     * version 2.3.3 as a classpath dependency.
     */

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.3'
    }
}

/**
 * The allprojects {} block is where you configure the repositories and
 * dependencies used by all modules in your project, such as third-party plugins
 * or libraries. Dependencies that are not required by all the modules in the
 * project should be configured in module-level build.gradle files. For new
 * projects, Android Studio configures JCenter as the default repository, but it
 * does not configure any dependencies.
 */

allprojects {
   repositories {
       jcenter()
   }
}

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模块级构建文件build.gradle

模块级build.gradle文件位于每个 //目录，用于配置适用于其所在模块的构建设置。

/**
 * The first line in the build configuration applies the Android plugin for
 * Gradle to this build and makes the android {} block available to specify
 * Android-specific build options.
 */

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

/**
 * The android {} block is where you configure all your Android-specific
 * build options.
 */

android {

  /**
   * compileSdkVersion specifies the Android API level Gradle should use to
   * compile your app. This means your app can use the API features included in
   * this API level and lower.
   *
   * buildToolsVersion specifies the version of the SDK build tools, command-line
   * utilities, and compiler that Gradle should use to build your app. You need to
   * download the build tools using the SDK Manager.
   */

  compileSdkVersion 26
  buildToolsVersion "26.0.1"

  /**
   * The defaultConfig {} block encapsulates default settings and entries for all
   * build variants, and can override some attributes in main/AndroidManifest.xml
   * dynamically from the build system. You can configure product flavors to override
   * these values for different versions of your app.
   */

  defaultConfig {

    /**
     * applicationId uniquely identifies the package for publishing.
     * However, your source code should still reference the package name
     * defined by the package attribute in the main/AndroidManifest.xml file.
     */

    applicationId 'com.example.myapp'

    // Defines the minimum API level required to run the app.
    minSdkVersion 15

    // Specifies the API level used to test the app.
    targetSdkVersion 26

    // Defines the version number of your app.
    versionCode 1

    // Defines a user-friendly version name for your app.
    versionName "1.0"
  }

  /**
   * The buildTypes {} block is where you can configure multiple build types.
   * By default, the build system defines two build types: debug and release. The
   * debug build type is not explicitly shown in the default build configuration,
   * but it includes debugging tools and is signed with the debug key. The release
   * build type applies Proguard settings and is not signed by default.
   */

  buildTypes {

    /**
     * By default, Android Studio configures the release build type to enable code
     * shrinking, using minifyEnabled, and specifies the Proguard settings file.
     */

    release {
        minifyEnabled true // Enables code shrinking for the release build type.
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
  }

  /**
   * The productFlavors {} block is where you can configure multiple product
   * flavors. This allows you to create different versions of your app that can
   * override defaultConfig {} with their own settings. Product flavors are
   * optional, and the build system does not create them by default. This example
   * creates a free and paid product flavor. Each product flavor then specifies
   * its own application ID, so that they can exist on the Google Play Store, or
   * an Android device, simultaneously.
   */

  productFlavors {
    free {
      applicationId 'com.example.myapp.free'
    }

    paid {
      applicationId 'com.example.myapp.paid'
    }
  }

  /**
   * The splits {} block is where you can configure different APK builds that
   * each contain only code and resources for a supported screen density or
   * ABI. You'll also need to configure your build so that each APK has a
   * different versionCode.
   */

  splits {
    // Screen density split settings
    density {

      // Enable or disable the density split mechanism
      enable false

      // Exclude these densities from splits
      exclude "ldpi", "tvdpi", "xxxhdpi", "400dpi", "560dpi"
    }
  }
}

/**
 * The dependencies {} block in the module-level build configuration file
 * only specifies dependencies required to build the module itself.
 */

dependencies {
    compile project(":lib")
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}

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属性文件gradle.properties

  Gradle包括两个属性文件，位于 项目根目录, 用于指定适用于Gradle构建工具包本身的设置。
* gradle.properties
配置项目范围Gradle设置，例如Gradle后套真诚的最大堆大小。
* local.properties
为构建系统，配置本地环境属性，例如SDK安装路径。

此文件的内容由Android Studio自动生成，并专用于本地开发者环境，因此无需手动修改该文件，或将其纳入版本控制系统。