maven学习笔记(3)--继承和聚合

继承

在account-email邮件发送组件完成后，做account-persist组件，用来完成用户账户的增删改查，代码略去，主要关注maven知识点。这里有个问题是，email和persist组件很多pom配置是相同的，继承就是为了消除这种重复，类似子类与父类关系。将相同配置抽取到父pom中：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.jacky.mavenexamples.account</groupId>
	<artifactId>account-parent</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>pom</packaging>
	<name>Account Parent</name>
	<properties>
		<springframework.version>2.5.6</springframework.version>
		<junit.version>4.7</junit.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
				<version>${springframework.version}</version>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
				<version>${springframework.version}</version>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
				<version>${springframework.version}</version>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
				<version>${springframework.version}</version>
			</dependency>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>junit</groupId>
				<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
				<version>${junit.version}</version>
				<scope>test</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	<build>
		<pluginManagement>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>attach-resource</id>
						<phase>verify</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
						</goals>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
		</pluginManagement>
	</build>
</project>

可以看到父级pom.xml属于account-parent这个项目，打包方式为pom,项目下就这一个配置文件。在依赖管理和插件管理时，多了management元素，在该元素下指定的依赖不会自动被子类继承，除非子类定义的依赖中groupId,artifactId与其相同，才会被继承，也就是说仅仅继承了版本信息。这么做的原因是不是所有子类项目需要父项目定义的所有依赖，而父项目又可以将版本信息统一管理。

然后在account-email的子pom.xml中就可以减少配置重复了：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
		<groupId>com.jacky.mavenexamples.account</groupId>
		<artifactId>account-parent</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		<relativePath>../account-parent/pom.xml</relativePath>
	</parent>
	
	<artifactId>account-email</artifactId>
	<name>Account Email</name>

	<properties>
		<javax.mail.version>1.4.1</javax.mail.version>
		<greenmail.version>1.3.1b</greenmail.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>		
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>			
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>			
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>			
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
			<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
			<version>${javax.mail.version}</version>
		</dependency>		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.icegreen</groupId>
			<artifactId>greenmail</artifactId>
			<version>${greenmail.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

<parent>元素指定了继承的pom项目，goupId和version与父级一致，但artifactId不一致，重写覆盖父级定义。在依赖与插件管理中只要groupId、artifactId与父级相同就可以省去除此之外的其它配置。

聚合

所谓聚合就是将各个子模块的构建过程统一到一个地方，只需要在pom.xml中定义module元素即可：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.jacky.mavenexamples.account</groupId>
	<artifactId>account-aggregator</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>pom</packaging>
	<name>Account Aggregator</name>
	<modules>
		<module>../account-parent</module>
		<module>../account-email</module>
		<module>../account-persist</module>
	</modules>
</project>

这样项目的目录就是这样的了：