johnson将spring的主框架与运行流程创造完毕之后,发觉spring中提供了许多灵活扩展的地方。于是johnson准备在第三日将这些灵活扩展的用法公布出来。
1. BeanPostProcessor。BeanPostProcessor提供了bean创建完成后的扩展接口,当你需要在bean创建完后对其做一定处理,则BeanPostProcessor是首选的方式。
2. Aware。注入的bean需要了解其容器的某些部分,spring通过Aware完成回调,如BeanNameAware,可以让bean得知自己的名字, BeanFactoryAware可以让bean了解到BeanFactory, ApplicationContextAware,可以让bean操作ApplicationContext。通过这种方式,注入spring的bean能够做更加广泛的事情。
对于BeanPostProcessor的扩展,spring自身有一个例子,即如何识别Aware bean的例子。Aware bean是比较特殊的bean,需要spring对其额外注入一些属性,那么注入的过程spring会怎么做呢?实际上spring并没有将他写在核心的处理过程里面,而是放到了ApplicationContextAwareProcessor这个BeanPostProcessor,通过BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization最终invokeAwareInterfaces以判断该bean的类型并注入相应的属性。这种做法利用了BeanPostProcessor完成了另一个扩展用法,实在是高超。
private void invokeAwareInterfaces(Object bean) {
if (bean instanceof Aware) {
if (bean instanceof EnvironmentAware) {
((EnvironmentAware) bean).setEnvironment(this.applicationContext.getEnvironment());
}
if (bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware) {
((EmbeddedValueResolverAware) bean).setEmbeddedValueResolver(
new EmbeddedValueResolver(this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory()));
}
if (bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
((ResourceLoaderAware) bean).setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);
}
if (bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {
((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) bean).setApplicationEventPublisher(this.applicationContext);
}
if (bean instanceof MessageSourceAware) {
((MessageSourceAware) bean).setMessageSource(this.applicationContext);
}
if (bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {
((ApplicationContextAware) bean).setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext);
}
}
}
关于Aware的用法则更多了,比如如下代码能够感知ApplicationContext,spring在创建完这个bean之后便会注入ApplicationContext,于是我们就可以使用该context完成事件发布。
public class HelloBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
this.applicationContext = context;
}
public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
this.helloWord = helloWord;
}
public String getHelloWord() {
applicationContext.publishEvent(
new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
return helloWord;
}
}
3. BeanFactoryPostProcessor,这个PostProcessor通常是用来处理在BeanFactory创建后的扩展接口。一个例子如下,当注入这个bean以后,它便会在BeanFactory创建完毕自动打印注入的bean数量:
public class BeanCounter implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor{
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println(beanFactory.getBeanDefinitionCount());
}
}
4. FactoryBean。FactoryBean是一种特殊的bean,这种bean允许注入到spring容器并用其生成真正的bean,所以可以这样定义,FactoryBean本身是一种bean,这种bean又有能够提供bean的能力。下面从FactoryBean的调用开始,讲到spring是如何使用这个bean的。
要想区分普通bean和FactoryBean,spring也必须有判断他们并特殊处理的过程,这个过程就在AbstractBeanFactory的getObjectForBeanInstance中
protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance(
Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
// Don't let calling code try to dereference the factory if the bean isn't a factory.
if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name) && !(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) {
throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(transformedBeanName(name), beanInstance.getClass());
}
// Now we have the bean instance, which may be a normal bean or a FactoryBean.
// If it's a FactoryBean, we use it to create a bean instance, unless the
// caller actually wants a reference to the factory.
if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean) || BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) {
return beanInstance;
}
Object object = null;
if (mbd == null) {
object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName);
}
if (object == null) {
// Return bean instance from factory.
FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance;
// Caches object obtained from FactoryBean if it is a singleton.
if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic());
object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic);
}
return object;
}
可以看出来,如果是普通bean,就直接返回了,而如果是FactoryBean,最终调用会调用factory.getObject从而返回具体对象。如果将整个spring看做一个抽象工厂,生产抽象的bean时,则FactoryBean就是具体工厂,生产你需要的对象。
spring中FactoryBean用法很多,举个比较常见的例子,集成hibernate的sessionFactory时一般会注入LocalSessionFactoryBean,但是这个sessionFactory实际上不是普通的bean,可以简单在配置文件中注入就能生产,它有很多定制的部分,于是spring让这个bean成为一个FactoryBean并控制其生产的对象。