分布式服务框架之NIO（一）

    NIO在实现分布式服务框架中非阻塞高并发的服务器端功能十分有用。抽空学了下，下面的学习过程中接触到的代码示例，这些代码基本演示了NIO的最基本的一些特性。

  

    (一)Buffer:

     代码一：演示直接缓冲区的使用

  

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

public class ByteBufferDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //直接缓冲区
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(10);
        byte temp[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
        buf.put(temp);
        buf.flip();

        System.out.print("主缓冲区中的内容：");
        while (buf.hasRemaining()) {
            int x = buf.get();
            System.out.print(x + "、");
        }
    }
}

 

    代码二：演示缓冲区的基本使用

   

import java.nio.IntBuffer;

public class IntBufferDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 准备出10个大小的缓冲区
        IntBuffer buf = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
        System.out.print("1、写入数据之前的position、limit和capacity：");
        System.out.println("position = " + buf.position() + "，limit = " + buf.limit()
                           + "，capacty = " + buf.capacity());

        int temp[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
        buf.put(5);
        buf.put(temp);
        System.out.print("2、写入数据之后的position、limit和capacity：");
        System.out.println("position = " + buf.position() + "，limit = " + buf.limit()
                           + "，capacty = " + buf.capacity());
        System.out.println();

        //重设缓冲区
        buf.flip();
        System.out.print("3、准备输出数据时的position、limit和capacity：");
        System.out.println("position = " + buf.position() + "，limit = " + buf.limit()
                           + "，capacty = " + buf.capacity());
        System.out.print("缓冲区中的内容：");
        while (buf.hasRemaining()) {
            int x = buf.get();
            System.out.print(x + "、");
        }
    }
}

 

   代码三：子缓冲区的使用

  

import java.nio.IntBuffer;

public class IntBufferDemo02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建缓冲区,并初始化
        IntBuffer buf = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
        IntBuffer sub = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            buf.put(i * 2 + 1);
        }

        //需要通过slice() 创建子缓冲区,可通过子缓冲区修改主缓冲区内容
        buf.position(2);
        buf.limit(6);
        sub = buf.slice();
        for (int i = 0; i < sub.capacity(); i++) {
            int temp = sub.get(i);
            sub.put(temp - 1);
        }

        //重设缓冲区
        buf.flip();
        buf.limit(buf.capacity());
        System.out.print("主缓冲区中的内容：");
        while (buf.hasRemaining()) {
            int x = buf.get();
            System.out.print(x + " 、");
        }
    }
}

 

   代码四：只读缓冲区

  

import java.nio.IntBuffer;

public class IntBufferDemo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //准备出10个大小的缓冲区,并初始化
        IntBuffer buf = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
        IntBuffer read = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            buf.put(2 * i + 1);
        }
        
        // 创建只读缓冲区
        read = buf.asReadOnlyBuffer();

        // 重设缓冲区
        read.flip();
        System.out.print("主缓冲区中的内容：");
        while (read.hasRemaining()) {
            int x = read.get();
            System.out.print(x + "、");
        }
        
        //修改，错误
       // read.put(30) ;  
    }
}

 

 

 

 

 

   (二)Channel

 

   代码一：通道写入文件

   

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public class FileChannelDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        //初始化
        String infos[] = { "test1", "test2", "test3" };
        FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("D:" + File.separator + "out.txt");

        //读取
        FileChannel fout = output.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        for (String info : infos) {
            buf.put(info.getBytes());
        }

        //重设缓冲区(非常重要)
        buf.flip();

        //写入
        fout.write(buf);
        fout.close();
        output.close();
    }

}

 

  代码二：通道的双向性，可读和可写

 

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public class FileChannelDemo02 {

    /**
     * 通道是双向的,可读,可写
     * 
     * @param args
     * @throws Throwable
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        File file1 = new File("d:" + File.separator + "out.txt");
        File file2 = new File("d:" + File.separator + "in.txt");

        FileInputStream input = null;
        FileOutputStream output = null;
        output = new FileOutputStream(file2);
        input = new FileInputStream(file1);

        FileChannel fout = output.getChannel();
        FileChannel fin = input.getChannel();

        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        while ((fin.read(buf)) != -1) {
            buf.flip();
            fout.write(buf);
            buf.clear();
        }
        fin.close();
        fout.close();
        output.close();
    }
}

 

  代码三：MappedByteBuffer的使用

  

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public class FileChannelDemo03 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        File file = new File("d:" + File.separator + "mldn.txt");
        FileInputStream input = null;
        input = new FileInputStream(file);
        FileChannel fin = null; // 定义输入的通道
        fin = input.getChannel(); // 得到输入的通道
        MappedByteBuffer mbb = null;
        mbb = fin.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, file.length());
        byte data[] = new byte[(int) file.length()]; // 开辟空间接收内容
        int foot = 0;
        while (mbb.hasRemaining()) {
            data[foot++] = mbb.get(); // 读取数据
        }
        System.out.println(new String(data)); // 输出内容
        fin.close();
        input.close();
    }
}

  

 

   

   (三)Charset

    代码一：编码和解码

   

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;

public class CharsetEnDeDemo {

    /**
     * 编码和解码操作
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable{
        Charset utf=Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        //得到编码器和解码器
        CharsetEncoder encoder=utf.newEncoder();
        CharsetDecoder decoder=utf.newDecoder();
        
        CharBuffer cb=CharBuffer.wrap("NIO可以用来构建高性能服务器");
        //编码和解码
        ByteBuffer buf=encoder.encode(cb);
        System.out.println(decoder.decode(buf));
    }

 

  代码二：获取全部可用的字符集

 

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.SortedMap;

public class GetAllCharsetDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //得到全部可用的字符集
        SortedMap<String, Charset> all = Charset.availableCharsets();
        for (Map.Entry<String, Charset> entry : all.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " --->" + entry.getValue());
        }
    }

}

 

  

   (四)FileLock

    代码一：文件独占锁的使用

    

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.FileLock;

public class FileLockDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        File file = new File("d:" + File.separator + "out.txt");
        FileOutputStream output = null;
        output = new FileOutputStream(file, true);

        FileChannel fout = output.getChannel();
        FileLock lock = fout.tryLock();

        if (lock != null) {
            System.out.println(file.getName() + "文件锁定30秒");
            Thread.sleep(30000);
            lock.release();
            System.out.println(file.getName() + "文件解除锁定");
        }
        fout.close();
        output.close();
    }

}

 

  

   (五)selector

    代码一：无阻塞服务端代码示例

   

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class DataServer {

    /**
     * 
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
        int ports[] = { 8000, 8001, 8002, 8003, 8005, 8006 }; // 表示五个监听端口
        Selector selector = Selector.open(); // 通过open()方法找到Selector
        for (int i = 0; i < ports.length; i++) {
            ServerSocketChannel initSer = null;
            initSer = ServerSocketChannel.open(); // 打开服务器的通道
            initSer.configureBlocking(false); // 服务器配置为非阻塞
            ServerSocket initSock = initSer.socket();
            
            InetSocketAddress address = null;
            address = new InetSocketAddress(ports[i]); // 实例化绑定地址
            initSock.bind(address); // 进行服务的绑定
            
            initSer.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); // 等待连接
            System.out.println("服务器运行，在" + ports[i] + "端口监听");
        }
        // 要接收全部生成的key，并通过连接进行判断是否获取客户端的输出
        int keysAdd = 0;
        while ((keysAdd = selector.select()) > 0) { // 选择一组键，并且相应的通道已经准备就绪
            Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();// 取出全部生成的key
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selectedKeys.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = iter.next(); // 取出每一个key
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                    SocketChannel client = server.accept(); // 接收新连接
                    client.configureBlocking(false);// 配置为非阻塞
                    ByteBuffer outBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024); //
                    outBuf.put(("当前的时间为：" + new Date()).getBytes()); // 向缓冲区中设置内容
                    outBuf.flip();
                    client.write(outBuf); // 输出内容
                    client.close(); // 关闭
                }
            }
            selectedKeys.clear(); // 清楚全部的key
        }
    }
}