ThreadLocal

synchronized和ThreadLocal都是应用于线程共享变量时的方法，但它们对应的应用场景不同。我们可以这样理解，多个线程共享同一个对象的变量，当多个线程需要维护的是同一个变量值时（即同一个时刻该变量一定只有唯一值是正确的），则用synchronized进行同步；然而当多个线程需要维护的不是同一个变量值时，它们只需要获取该变量的初始值，该变量在每个线程中的值都是独立的、无关的，则用ThreadLocal修饰变量，为每个线程创建一份变量的副本。

ThreadLocal类的方法如下：

//应覆盖此方法以提供初始值
protected initialValue()
//得到本线程的当前值
T get()
//为本线程设置一个新值
void set(T t)
//删除本线程的对应值
void remove()

代码实例：
编写BasicClass类，包含一个整数变量，初始值为10。两个线程共享同一个BasicClass对象中的整数变量，线程一直接输出变量值，线程二将变量乘10后再输出，要求两个进程中的该变量相互独立、无关，则正确情况下线程一应输出10，线程二应输出100。

情况一：不使用ThreadLocal

1.BasicClass

package ThreadLocal;

public class BasicClass {
    Integer a = new Integer(10);
}

2.Thread1

package ThreadLocal;

public class Thread1 extends Thread {

    private BasicClass b;
    public Thread1(BasicClass b) {
       this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("1:"+b.a);
    }
}

3.Thread2

package ThreadLocal;

public class Thread2 extends Thread {

    private BasicClass b;
    public Thread2(BasicClass b) {
        this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        b.a = b.a * 10;
        System.out.println("2:" + b.a);
    }
}

4.MainClass

package ThreadLocal;

public class MainClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BasicClass b = new BasicClass();
        Thread1 t1 = new Thread1(b);
        Thread2 t2 = new Thread2(b);

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

5.输出

2:100
1:100

Process finished with exit code 0

情况二：使用ThreadLocal

1.BasicClass

package ThreadLocal;

public class BasicClass {
    ThreadLocal<Integer> a = new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){
        @Override
        protected Integer initialValue() {
            return new Integer(10);
        }
    };
}

2.Thread1

package ThreadLocal;

public class Thread1 extends Thread {

    private BasicClass b;
    public Thread1(BasicClass b) {
       this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("1:"+b.a.get());
    }
}

3.Thread2

package ThreadLocal;

public class Thread2 extends Thread {

    private BasicClass b;
    public Thread2(BasicClass b) {
        this.b = b;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        b.a.set(new Integer(b.a.get()*10));
        System.out.println("2:" + b.a.get());
    }
}

4.MainClass

package ThreadLocal;

public class MainClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BasicClass b = new BasicClass();
        Thread1 t1 = new Thread1(b);
        Thread2 t2 = new Thread2(b);

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

5.输出

2:100
1:10

Process finished with exit code 0