node学习-2

包管理工具：npm
新版的node.js已集成了npm,可以检测下是否有安装npm成功

可升级npm
windows做法：npm install npm -g

由于国内npm非常慢，可以用cnpm淘宝镜像来替代
安装方法：

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

二、使用cnpm安装模块
例：安装node.js常用的web框架模块express

cnpm install express  #本地安装
cnpm install express -g #全局安装

安装成功后，express 包就放在了工程目录下的 node_modules 目录中，因此在代码中只需要通过 require(‘express’) 的方式就好，无需指定第三方包路径。

var express = require('express');

安装成功后，可以在模块的目录下找到package.json文件，该文件定义包的属性，其结构为:(以express为例)

{
  "name": "express",//包名
  "description": "Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework",//包的描述
  "version": "4.14.1",//包的版本号
  "author": "TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>",//包的作者
  "contributors": [//包的其他贡献者
    "Aaron Heckmann <aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com>",
    "Ciaran Jessup <ciaranj@gmail.com>",
    "Douglas Christopher Wilson <doug@somethingdoug.com>",
    "Guillermo Rauch <rauchg@gmail.com>",
    "Jonathan Ong <me@jongleberry.com>",
    "Roman Shtylman <shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com>",
    "Young Jae Sim <hanul@hanul.me>"
  ],
  "license": "MIT",
  "repository": "expressjs/express",//包代码存放的地方的类型，可以是 git 或 svn，git 可在 Github 上。
  "homepage": "http://expressjs.com/",//包的官网url
  "keywords": [//关键字
    "express",
    "framework",
    "sinatra",
    "web",
    "rest",
    "restful",
    "router",
    "app",
    "api"
  ],
  "dependencies": {//依赖包列表。如果依赖包没有安装，npm 会自动将依赖包安装在 node_module 目录下
    "accepts": "~1.3.3",
    "array-flatten": "1.1.1",
    "content-disposition": "0.5.2",
    "content-type": "~1.0.2",
    "cookie": "0.3.1",
    "cookie-signature": "1.0.6",
    "debug": "~2.2.0",
    "depd": "~1.1.0",
    "encodeurl": "~1.0.1",
    "escape-html": "~1.0.3",
    "etag": "~1.7.0",
    "finalhandler": "0.5.1",
    "fresh": "0.3.0",
    "merge-descriptors": "1.0.1",
    "methods": "~1.1.2",
    "on-finished": "~2.3.0",
    "parseurl": "~1.3.1",
    "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7",
    "proxy-addr": "~1.1.3",
    "qs": "6.2.0",
    "range-parser": "~1.2.0",
    "send": "0.14.2",
    "serve-static": "~1.11.2",
    "type-is": "~1.6.14",
    "utils-merge": "1.0.0",
    "vary": "~1.1.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "after": "0.8.2",
    "body-parser": "1.16.0",
    "cookie-parser": "~1.4.3",
    "ejs": "2.5.5",
    "express-session": "1.15.0",
    "istanbul": "0.4.5",
    "marked": "0.3.6",
    "method-override": "~2.3.6",
    "mocha": "3.2.0",
    "morgan": "~1.7.0",
    "multiparty": "4.1.3",
    "should": "11.2.0",
    "supertest": "1.2.0",
    "connect-redis": "~2.4.1",
    "cookie-session": "~1.2.0",
    "jade": "~1.11.0",
    "vhost": "~3.0.2"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">= 0.10.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "LICENSE",
    "History.md",
    "Readme.md",
    "index.js",
    "lib/"
  ],
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",
    "test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/"
  },
  "_from": "express@4.14.1",
  "_resolved": "http://registry.npm.taobao.org/express/download/express-4.14.1.tgz"
}

三、常用的npm 命令

npm install express  #本地安装
npm install express -g #全局安装
npm unstall express #卸载模块
npm update express #修改模块
npm search express #搜索模块
npm ls #查看包

四、创建、发布模块
1、创建：
npm init
2、在npm资源库创建用户
先在https://www.npmjs.com/注册用户

npm adduser
Username:
Password:
Email:

3、发布模块

npm publish

如果到这步出现下面的问题：

no_perms Private mode enable, only admin can publish this module

那么可能是你用了国内的镜像地址了，只需要重新把地址注册回npmjs即可。

npm config set registry http://registry.npmjs.org

若是出现问题：

npm WARN adduser Incorrect username or password
npm WARN adduser You can reset your account by visiting:
npm WARN adduser
npm WARN adduser http://admin.npmjs.org/reset
npm WARN adduser
npm ERR! Error: forbidden may not mix password_sha and pbkdf2
npm ERR! You may need to upgrade your version of npm:
npm ERR! npm install npm -g
npm ERR! Note that this may need to be run as root/admin (sudo, etc.)
则有可能是你的npm版本太低，只要升级即可

npm install -g npm

另一个原因则可能是adduser这步，由于输入password即使输入也没有在界面上显示，所以则以为不用输入，导致用户未成功登录

npm发布实例