Spring学习笔记 加载Bean(常用方式)

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Spring框架中配置类分为申明式和注解式。
前者通过写xml然后设置<bean>xxx</bean>标签为bean赋值；后者通过注解annotation方式为bean赋值。

注解方式

@Bean

创建Maven工程然后引入Spring的基本第三方库

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-learn</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建JavaBean：Person类

package my.spring.test1.config;

public class Person {

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

配置 MainConfig 类

@Configuration
public class MainConfig {

    // 定义一个bean，类型为return的类的类型；bean的id默认是方法名，否则是注解里的参数
    @Bean
    public Person person2() {
        return new Person("Tom", 15);
    }
}

创建MainTest类，并获取Spring上下文Context

public class MainTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class);
        Person bean = context.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(bean);
        for (String name : context.getBeanDefinitionNames()) System.out.println(name);
    }
}

运行MainTest类输出

Person{name='Tom', age=15}
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig
person2

@Service或者@Controller或者@Component

在要导入的bean的类上直接加这三个注解之一就可以了。

小结

@Bean这种方式适合导入第三方的Bean，而@Service或者@Controller或者@Component适合导入自己写的类

@ComponentScan/ComponentScans

定义两个bean的类，Keeper和Student

@Service
public class Keeper {
}

@Controller
public class Student {

}

编写配置类MainConfig2将包：my.spring.test2下的Keeper和Student类加入IOC容器

@ComponentScan(value = "my.spring.test2"
        , includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Service.class})}
        , useDefaultFilters = false)
public class MainConfig2 {

}

如果使用includeFilters 这个参数表示要将包下的这些类加入IOC容器，同时useDefaultFilters 参数必选false。

也可以设置excludeFilters 参数表示不加入IOC容器的类

@ComponentScan(value = "my.spring.test2"
        , excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {MyTypeFilter.class})})
public class MainConfig2 {

}

其中如果Filter参数的type值设置为FilterType.CUSTOM表示采用自定义的拦截器类设置包下哪些类要加入IOC容器

编写MyTypeFilter类

public class MyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {
    public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
    	// 返回true表示加入IOC容器，false表示不加入
        ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
        String className = classMetadata.getClassName();
        System.out.println("MyTypeFilter -> " + className);
        if ("my.spring.test2.Keeper".equals(className)) return true;
        return false;
    }
}

创建测试主类ComponentScanTest

public class ComponentScanTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig2.class);
        for (String dname: context.getBeanDefinitionNames()) System.out.println(dname);
    }
}

输出：

前四行表示经过拦截器过滤后的类

MyTypeFilter -> my.spring.test2.ComponentScanTest
MyTypeFilter -> my.spring.test2.Keeper
MyTypeFilter -> my.spring.test2.MyTypeFilter
MyTypeFilter -> my.spring.test2.Student
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
mainConfig2
student

也可以通过ComponentScans注解设置多个包路径……

public @interface ComponentScans {

	ComponentScan[] value();

}

更多看这里吧😁