Python3为Python2的下一版本,但是它打破了与2.X的向后兼容性。 python3.X对语法的修改有下面几个方面。 1)/成为真正除法,int/int=float; 2)long与int统一,而且删除了后缀L; 3)True、False、None现在都是关键字; 4)print()括号不能掉 先简单介绍一下open() fid=open("log.txt","a")#打开文件log.txt,model为"a"; 'r' open for reading (default) 'w' open for writing, truncating the file first 'x' create a new file and open it for writing 'a' open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists 'b' binary mode 't' text mode (default) '+' open a disk file for updating (reading and writing) 'U' universal newline mode (deprecated) 现在开始进入正题 print([object, ...][, sep=' '][, end='endline_character_here'][, file=redirect_to_here]) print>>fid,"log.txt"变成print("log.txt",file=fid) print>>sys.stderr,"an error occurred"变成 5)raw_input()与input()变成python3的input(); 6)用数据类型bytes literal 及 bytes对象存储二进制 bytes([initializer[, encoding]]) b = (b'\xc3\x9f\x65\x74\x61') b = bytes('\xc3\x9f\x65\x74\x61', 'iso-8859-1') 7)具有单一的字符串类型str,其功能类似于版本2.x的unic类型 repr('é') 8)format (1)>>>"I love {0}, {1}, and {2}".format("eggs", "bacon", "sausage") 'I love eggs, bacon, and sausage' (2)>>>"I love {a}, {b}, and {c}".format(a="eggs", b="bacon", c="sausage") 'I love eggs, bacon, and sausage' (3)>>>"I love {0}, {1}, and {param}".format("eggs", "bacon", param="sausage") 'I love eggs, bacon, and sausage' (4)>>>print(format(10.0, "7.3g")) 10 9)3.0 内的另一个重大改变是字典内 dict.iterkeys()、 dict.itervalues() 和 dict.iteritems() 方法的删除。取而代之的是 .keys()、 .values() 和 .items(), 它们被进行了修补,可以返回轻量的、类似于集的容器对象,而不是键和值的列表。 d={1:"dead",2:"parrot"} print(d.items()) #dict_items([(1, 'dead'), (2, 'parrot')]) print(1 in d,"dead" in d,2 in d,"parrot" in d) #True False True False print(list(d)) #[1, 2] for key,values in d.items(): print(key) print(values) #1 #dead #2 #parrot 10)ABC类-元类