java 正则表达式--group

使用Matcher类,最重要的一个概念必须清楚:组(Group),在正则表达式中 
()定义了一个组,由于一个正则表达式可以包含很多的组,所以下面先说说怎么划分组的, 
以及这些组和组的下标怎么对应的. 
下面我们看看一个小例子,来说明这个问题 
引用\w(\d\d)(\w+)
这个正则表达式有三个组: 
整个\w(\d\d)(\w+) 是第0组 group(0) 
(\d\d)是第1组 group(1) 
(\w+)是第2组 group(2) 
我们看看和正则表达式匹配的一个字符串x99SuperJava， 
group(0)永远都是匹配整个表达式的字符串的那部分x99SuperJava 
group(1)是第1组(\d\d)匹配的部分:99 
group(2)是第二组(\w+)匹配的那部分SuperJava 
下面我们写一个程序来验证一下： 

 

 

 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        String regex = "\\w(\\d\\d)(\\w+)";  
        String candidate = "x99SuperJava";  
          
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);  
        Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidate);  
        if(matcher.find()){  
            int gc = matcher.groupCount();  
            for(int i = 0; i <= gc; i++)  
                System.out.println("group " + i + " :" + matcher.group(i));  
        }  
    }  
}  

运行结果：

group 0 :x99SuperJava

group 1 :99

group 2 :SuperJava

 

另外一个例子：

public class Test {  
	 public static void main(String args[]){  
	      test();  
	  }  
	  public static void test(){  
	     //create a Pattern  
	      Pattern p = Pattern.compile("B(ond)");  
	  
	     //create a Matcher and use the Matcher.group(int) method  
	     String candidateString = "My name is Bond. James Bond.";  
	     //create a helpful index for the sake of output  
	     Matcher matcher = p.matcher(candidateString);  
	     //Find group number 0 of the first find  
	      matcher.find();  
	      String group_0 = matcher.group(0);  
	      String group_1 = matcher.group(1);  
	      System.out.println("Group 0 " + group_0);  
	      System.out.println("Group 1 " + group_1);  
	      System.out.println(candidateString);  
	  
	     //Find group number 1 of the second find  
	      matcher.find();  
	      group_0 = matcher.group(0);  
	      group_1 = matcher.group(1);  
	      System.out.println("Group 0 " + group_0);  
	      System.out.println("Group 1 " + group_1);  
	      System.out.println(candidateString);  
	  }  
}  

 运行结果：

 

Group 0 Bond

Group 1 ond

My name is Bond. James Bond.

Group 0 Bond

Group 1 ond

My name is Bond. James Bond.

例子：

public class Test {  
	public static void main(String args[]){  
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();  
		String replacement = "Smith";  
		Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Bond");  
		Matcher matcher =pattern.matcher("My name is Bond. James Bond. I would like a martini.");  
		matcher.find();
		matcher.appendReplacement(sb, replacement);// 结果是My name is Smith. James
		// Smith
		matcher.appendTail(sb);
		System.out.println(sb);
	}  	 
}  

 运行结果：  My name is Smith. James Bond. I would like a martini.