Springboot通过谷歌Kaptcha 组件，生成图形验证码

教程

图形验证码属于老生常谈了，具体细节这里就不说了。生成图形验证码的办法非常多，今天讲解一种通过Kaptcha组件快速生成图形验证码的方法。
Kaptcha是谷歌开源的一款简单实用的图形验证码组件。我个人推荐它的最大原因是容易上手，采用约定大于配置的方式，快速契合到项目中。
话不多说，我们看看该如何使用它：

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.google.code.kaptcha</groupId>
   <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
   <version>2.3</version>
 </dependency>

@Component
public class KaptchaConfig {

    @Bean
    public DefaultKaptcha getDefaultKaptcha(){
        com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha();
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("kaptcha.border", "no");
        properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "red");
        properties.put("kaptcha.image.width", "213");
        properties.put("kaptcha.image.height", "88");
        properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.size", "45");
        properties.put("kaptcha.session.key", "verifyCode");
        properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space", "6");
        properties.put("kaptcha.obscurificator.impl", "com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple");
       // properties.put("kaptcha.textproducer.font.names", "宋体,楷体,微软雅黑");
        properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.from", "yellow");
        properties.put("kaptcha.background.clear.to", "green");
        Config config = new Config(properties);
        defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config);

        return defaultKaptcha;
    }
}

配置名	配置作用	默认值
kaptcha.border	图片边框，合法值：yes , no	yes
kaptcha.border.color	边框颜色，合法值： r,g,b (and optional alpha) 或者 white,black,blue.	black
kaptcha.image.width	图片宽	200
kaptcha.image.height	图片高	50
kaptcha.producer.impl	图片实现类	com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha
kaptcha.textproducer.impl	文本实现类	com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultTextCreator
kaptcha.textproducer.char.string	文本集合，验证码值从此集合中获取	abcde2345678gfynmnpwx
kaptcha.textproducer.char.length	验证码长度	5
kaptcha.textproducer.font.names	字体	Arial, Courier
kaptcha.textproducer.font.size	字体大小	40px.
kaptcha.textproducer.font.color	字体颜色，合法值： r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.	black
kaptcha.textproducer.char.space	文字间隔	2
kaptcha.noise.impl	干扰实现类	com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultNoise
kaptcha.noise.color	干扰 颜色，合法值： r,g,b 或者 white,black,blue.	black
kaptcha.obscurificator.impl	图片样式：<br />水纹 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple <br /> 鱼眼 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.FishEyeGimpy <br /> 阴影 com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.ShadowGimpy	com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.WaterRipple
kaptcha.background.impl	背景实现类	com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultBackground
kaptcha.background.clear.from	背景颜色渐变，开始颜色	light grey
kaptcha.background.clear.to	背景颜色渐变， 结束颜色	white
kaptcha.word.impl	文字渲染器	com.google.code.kaptcha.text.impl.DefaultWordRenderer
kaptcha.session.key	session key	KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY
kaptcha.session.date	session date

@GetMapping("/login/getVerifyCode")
    public void getVerifyCode(String loginKey,
                              HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                              HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
        try {
            log.warn("query verify Code" + loginKey);
            loadService.getVerifyCode(loginKey, httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("get verify Code failed :", e);
        }
    }

public void getVerifyCode(String loginKey, HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                              HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws IOException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream imgOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            //生产验证码字符串并保存到session中
            String verifyCode = captchaProducer.createText();
            // httpServletRequest.getSession().setAttribute("verifyCode", verifyCode);  // 写入会话
            //redisCache.setVerifyInfo(loginKey, verifyCode);   //写入redis
            captchaMap.put(loginKey, verifyCode);//写入内存
            log.warn("reset verify code key {}, code {}", loginKey, verifyCode);
            BufferedImage challenge = captchaProducer.createImage(verifyCode);
            ImageIO.write(challenge, "jpg", imgOutputStream);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException e) {
            httpServletResponse.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
            return;
        }
        byte[] captchaOutputStream = imgOutputStream.toByteArray();
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store");
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        httpServletResponse.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        try (ServletOutputStream responseOutputStream = httpServletResponse.getOutputStream()) {
            responseOutputStream.write(captchaOutputStream);
            responseOutputStream.flush();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            log.error("find ex in create a new verify Code", ex);
        }
    }