配置Windows下vscode的GCC开发环境

1 安装环境

1.1 安装vscode

下载

1.2 安装chocolate

以管理员身份运行Powershell, 执行以下命令：

Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))

1.3 安装MinGW-w64

管理员权限运行Cmd 或者 powershell ，执行

choco install mingw -y

1.4 安装ms-vscode.cpptools插件

2 添加vscode配置

2.1 创建.vscode文件夹

• 在根目录下创建.vscode文件夹
• 

2.2 添加c_cpp_properties.json

• c_cpp_properties.json 配置了代码的智能语法辅助功能
• intelliSenseMode 要配置成 gcc-x64

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "GCC",
      "includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**"
      ],
      "forcedInclude": [],
      "defines": [
        "_DEBUG",
        "UNICODE",
        "_UNICODE"
      ],
      "compileCommands": "",
      "compilerArgs": [],
      "compilerPath": "c:\\ProgramData\\chocolatey\\bin\\gcc",
      "cStandard": "c17",
      "cppStandard": "c++17",
      "customConfigurationVariables": {},
      "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
      "browse": {
        "path": [
          "${workspaceRoot}",
          "C:\\ProgramData\\chocolatey\\lib\\mingw\\tools\\install\\mingw64\\lib",
          "C:\\ProgramData\\chocolatey\\lib\\mingw\\tools\\install\\mingw64\\include"
        ],
        "databaseFilename": "",
        "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true
      },
      "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.18362.0",
      "macFrameworkPath": []
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

2.3 添加 launch.json

• launch.json 配置了gdb的启动任务
• preLaunchTask 配置了启用gdb之前，会执行 C/C++: g++.exe build active file 任务。

{
  // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
  // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
  // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "g++.exe - Build and debug active file",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": false,
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\ProgramData\\chocolatey\\bin\\gdb.exe",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file"
    }
  ]
}

2.4 添加tasks.json

• tasks.json 配置了名为 C/C++: g++.exe build active file 的gcc编译任务
• 注意默认的Terminal不要选bash，会导致${file}路径不正常

{
  // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
  // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "shell",
      "label": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file",
      "command": "gcc",
      "args": [
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
      ],
      "problemMatcher": "$gcc",
      "options": {
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
      },
      "group": {
        "kind": "build",
        "isDefault": true
      }
    }
  ]
}

2.5 添加settings.json

• settings.json 规定c/cpp使用了ms-vscode.cpptools插件，而json使用vs自带的vscode.json-language-features，注意配置文件是json的
• 附带了一些编辑器配置，可以根据个人情况删减

{
  "[c]": {
    "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-vscode.cpptools",
  },
  "[c++]": {
    "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-vscode.cpptools"
  },
  "[json]": {
    "editor.defaultFormatter": "vscode.json-language-features"
  },
  "C_Cpp.autoAddFileAssociations": true,
  "C_Cpp.autocomplete": "Default",
  "C_Cpp.clang_format_fallbackStyle": "Google",
  "C_Cpp.clang_format_path": "",
  "C_Cpp.clang_format_sortIncludes": true,
  "C_Cpp.clang_format_style": "file",
  "C_Cpp.codeFolding": "Enabled",
  "C_Cpp.commentContinuationPatterns": [
    "/**"
  ],
  "C_Cpp.configurationWarnings": "Enabled",
  "C_Cpp.debugger.useBacktickCommandSubstitution": false,
  "C_Cpp.default.enableConfigurationSquiggles": true,
  "C_Cpp.default.systemIncludePath": null,
  "C_Cpp.dimInactiveRegions": true,
  "C_Cpp.enhancedColorization": "Enabled",
  "C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "Enabled",
  "C_Cpp.exclusionPolicy": "checkFolders",
  "C_Cpp.experimentalFeatures": "Disabled",
  "C_Cpp.formatting": "clangFormat",
  "C_Cpp.inactiveRegionBackgroundColor": "",
  "C_Cpp.inactiveRegionForegroundColor": "",
  "C_Cpp.inactiveRegionOpacity": 0.55,
  "C_Cpp.intelliSenseCachePath": "",
  "C_Cpp.intelliSenseCacheSize": 5120,
  "C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngineFallback": "Enabled",
  "C_Cpp.intelliSenseMemoryLimit": 4096,
  "C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "Default",
  "C_Cpp.loggingLevel": "Debug",
  "C_Cpp.preferredPathSeparator": "Forward Slash",
  "C_Cpp.suggestSnippets": true,
  "C_Cpp.vcpkg.enabled": true,
  "C_Cpp.workspaceParsingPriority": "highest",
  "C_Cpp.workspaceSymbols": "All",
  "editor.linkedEditing": true,
  "editor.formatOnPaste": true,
  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
  "editor.formatOnSaveMode": "file",
  "editor.formatOnType": true,
  "diffEditor.codeLens": true,
  "diffEditor.ignoreTrimWhitespace": true,
  "diffEditor.maxComputationTime": 5000,
  "diffEditor.renderIndicators": true,
  "diffEditor.renderSideBySide": true,
  "files.autoSave": "afterDelay",
  "files.autoGuessEncoding": true,
  "files.autoSaveDelay": 1000,
  "files.defaultLanguage": "",
  "files.exclude": {},
  "files.saveConflictResolution": "askUser",
  "search.exclude": {},
  "search.quickOpen.history.filterSortOrder": "default",
  "search.searchEditor.defaultNumberOfContextLines": 1,
  "search.searchEditor.doubleClickBehaviour": "goToLocation",
  "search.searchEditor.reusePriorSearchConfiguration": true,
  "search.seedOnFocus": true,
  "search.seedWithNearestWord": false,
  "editor.find.addExtraSpaceOnTop": true,
  "editor.find.autoFindInSelection": "never",
  "editor.find.cursorMoveOnType": true,
  "editor.find.loop": true,
  "editor.find.seedSearchStringFromSelection": true,
  "task.saveBeforeRun": "always",
  "debug.showInlineBreakpointCandidates": true,
  "debug.inlineValues": true,
}

3 测试

3.1 添加main.c

根目录下添加 LeetCode 3 的c代码

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int lengthOfLongestSubstring(char * s){
    unsigned short start=0, maxLength=0;
    bool tag[128] = {0};
    for(unsigned short end = 0; end < strlen(s); end++){
        while (tag[s[end]]) {
            tag[s[start]]=false;
            start++;
        }
        tag[s[end]] = true;
        maxLength = maxLength > end-start + 1?maxLength:end-start + 1;
    }
    return maxLength;
}

int main() {
  char s[] = "bbbbb";
  printf("%d", lengthOfLongestSubstring(s));
}

3.2 调试

F5调试，进入断点成功