Shell脚本-4 语句

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-09 21:40:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-09 21:40:34 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lj_11111/article/details/80349803

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一、for语句

1.for 语句格式

for
do
done

为NUM 赋值1 2 3 的三种方法
for NUM in 1 2 3
for NUM in {1..3}
for NUM in `seq 1 3`
为NUM 赋值 从1开始每隔3赋给NUM，到10结束
for NUM in `seq 1 3 10`  1：起始值  3：步距 10：超过10终止

[root@host2 mnt]# vim for.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat for.sh
#!/bin/bash
for NUM in `seq 1 3`
do
    echo $NUM
    sleep 1      执行脚本的时间间隔为1s
done
[root@host2 mnt]# sh for.sh 
1
2
3

[root@host2 mnt]# vim for.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat for.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for NUM in `seq 1 3 10`
do
    echo $NUM
    sleep 1
done
[root@host2 mnt]# sh for.sh 
1
4
7
10

[root@host2 mnt]# vim for.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat for.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for NUM in `seq 1 3 12`
do
    echo $NUM
    sleep 1
done
[root@host2 mnt]# sh for.sh 
1
4
7
10

检测本机是否能够ping通其他主机

[root@host2 mnt]# vim ping.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat ping.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for NUM in `seq 1 10`
do
    ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$NUM &> /dev/null && echo 172.25.254.$NUM is up
done
[root@host2 mnt]# sh ping.sh 
172.25.254.1 is up
172.25.254.2 is up
172.25.254.10 is up

创建用户

[root@host2 mnt]# vim useradd_ctrl.sh 
[root@host2 mnt]# cat useradd_ctrl.sh 
#!/bin/bash
MAX_LINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N}{N++}END{print N}' $1`
for Num in `seq 1 $MAX_LINE`
do
    User_name=`sed -n ${Num}p $1`
    passwd=`sed -n ${Num}P $2`
    useradd $User_name
    echo $passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
done 
[root@host2 mnt]# sh useradd_ctrl.sh userfile passwdfile 
Creating mailbox file: File exists
Changing password for user mark.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
Changing password for user hat.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
Changing password for user jack.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@host2 mnt]# su - student
Last login: Wed May 16 19:39:52 CST 2018 on pts/0
[student@host2 ~]$ su - mark
Password: 
Last login: Thu May 17 16:26:57 CST 2018 on pts/0
[mark@host2 ~]$ su - hat
Password: 
[hat@host2 ~]$ su - jack
Password: 
[jack@host2 ~]$

10秒倒计时

[root@host2 mnt]# vim time_end.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat time_end.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for Sec in {10..1}
do
    echo -n "after $Sec's is end"
    echo -ne "\r    \r"
    sleep 1
done

这里写图片描述

二、While语句

1.编写脚本Use.sh，当根分区内存使用量超过80%时，每隔10s生成警告日志

[root@host2 mnt]# vim use_disk.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat use_disk.sh 
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    Disk_Use=`df | awk -F " " '/\/$/{print $5}' | awk -F "%" '{print $1}'`
    [ "$Disk_Use" -ge "50" ] && {
        echo warning: disk will full!! 
    }
    sleep 10
done
[root@host2 mnt]# sh use_disk.sh 
warning: disk will full!!
warning: disk will full!!
^C
执行命令后不显示生成日志
[root@host2 mnt]# cat use_disk.sh 
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
    Disk_Use=`df | awk -F " " '/\/$/{print $5}' | awk -F "%" '{print $1}'`
    [ "$Disk_Use" -ge "50" ] && {
        echo warning: disk will full!! &>> /var/log/messages 
    }
    sleep 10
done
[root@host2 mnt]# sh use_disk.sh 
^C
[root@host2 mnt]# cat /var/log/messages 
warning: disk will full!!
warning: disk will full!!

continue 继续执行该程序
break 立即停止再次执行
exit 退出

[root@host2 mnt]# cat finish1.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
do
    while [ "$i" = "5" ]
    do
        echo $i hello world
        i=6
        continue
    done
echo $i 
done 
[root@host2 mnt]# sh finish1.sh 
1
2
3
4
5 hello world
6
6
7
8
9
10
[root@host2 mnt]# sh -x finish1.sh 
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 1 = 5 ']'
+ echo 1
1
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 2 = 5 ']'
+ echo 2
2
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 3 = 5 ']'
+ echo 3
3
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 4 = 5 ']'
+ echo 4
4
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 5 = 5 ']'
+ echo 5 hello world
5 hello world
+ i=6
+ continue
+ '[' 6 = 5 ']'
+ echo 6
6
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 6 = 5 ']'
+ echo 6
6
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 7 = 5 ']'
+ echo 7
7
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 8 = 5 ']'
+ echo 8
8
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 9 = 5 ']'
+ echo 9
9
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 10 = 5 ']'
+ echo 10
10

[root@host2 mnt]# cat finish1.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
do
    while [ "$i" = "5" ]
    do
        echo $i hello world
        exit
    done
echo $i 
done 
[root@host2 mnt]# sh finish1.sh 
1
2
3
4
5 hello world
[root@host2 mnt]# sh -x finish1.sh 
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 1 = 5 ']'
+ echo 1
1
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 2 = 5 ']'
+ echo 2
2
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 3 = 5 ']'
+ echo 3
3
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 4 = 5 ']'
+ echo 4
4
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ '[' 5 = 5 ']'
+ echo 5 hello world
5 hello world
+ exit

[root@host2 mnt]# cat finish.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
do
    NUM=$[ $i%2 ]
    while [ "$NUM" = "0" ]
    do
        echo $i
        break
    done 
done 
[root@host2 mnt]# sh finish.sh 
2
4
6
8
10
[root@host2 mnt]# sh -x finish.sh 
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=1
+ '[' 1 = 0 ']'
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=0
+ '[' 0 = 0 ']'
+ echo 2
2
+ break
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=1
+ '[' 1 = 0 ']'
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=0
+ '[' 0 = 0 ']'
+ echo 4
4
+ break
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=1
+ '[' 1 = 0 ']'
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=0
+ '[' 0 = 0 ']'
+ echo 6
6
+ break
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=1
+ '[' 1 = 0 ']'
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=0
+ '[' 0 = 0 ']'
+ echo 8
8
+ break
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=1
+ '[' 1 = 0 ']'
+ for i in '{1..10}'
+ NUM=0
+ '[' 0 = 0 ']'
+ echo 10
10
+ break

三、if 语句

1.创建用户

[root@host2 mnt]# vim useradd_ctrl1.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat useradd_ctrl1.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ "$#" -lt "2" ]
then
    echo Error:please input a userfile and passwdfile after scripts!!
elif [ ! -e "$1" ]
then
    echo Error:$1 is not exist!!
elif [ ! -e "$2" ]
then
    echo Error:$2 is not exist!!
else
    MAX_LINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N}{N++}END{print N}' $1`
    for Num in `seq 1 $MAX_LINE`
        do
             User_name=`sed -n ${Num}p $1`
             passwd=`sed -n ${Num}P $2`
             useradd $User_name
             echo $passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
     done   
fi
[root@host2 mnt]# sh useradd_ctrl1.sh userfile passwdfile 
Creating mailbox file: File exists
Changing password for user mark.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
Changing password for user hat.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
Changing password for user jack.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

四、case语句

case语句横向同时比较，效率优于if语句
1.编写脚本test1.sh，当输入cat时，输出dog；输入dog时，输出cat；其他则报错

[root@host2 mnt]# vim test1.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat test1.sh 
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
    cat)
    echo dog
    ;;
    dog)
    echo cat
    ;;
    *)
    echo error
esac
[root@host2 mnt]# sh test1.sh cat
dog
[root@host2 mnt]# sh test1.sh dog
cat
[root@host2 mnt]# sh test1.sh sheep
error

2.编写脚本service_ctrl.sh，当输入命令时，对httpd服务做不同操作

[root@host2 mnt]# cat service_ctrl.sh
#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
    start)
    systemctl start httpd
    ;;
    port)
    netstat -antuple | grep httpd
    ;;
    chport)
    sed -e '/^Listen/s/Listen\ 80' -i /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    ;;
    stop)
    systemctl stop httpd
    ;;
    status)
    systemctl status httpd
    ;;
    *)
    echo Error:$1 is not found!!
esac
[root@host2 mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh start
[root@host2 mnt]# systemctl status httpd.service 
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-05-17 20:18:40 CST; 7s ago
[root@host2 mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh port
tcp6       0      0 :::80                 :::*                    LISTEN      0          71326      30200/httpd         
[root@host2 mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh chport
[root@host2 mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh port
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      0          71326      30200/httpd         
[root@host2 mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh stop
[root@host2 mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh status
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

五、expect语句

注意：需要安装expect服务
expect：自动应答脚本，具备自己的运行环境；针对某一脚本，自动输出结果
这里写图片描述
1.编写脚本passwd.exp，自动修改root用户密码查看相关命令的脚本：

查看相关命令的脚本：
[root@localhost mnt]# which passwd 
/bin/passwd
[root@localhost mnt]# which expect
/bin/expect

[root@host2 mnt]# vim passwd.exp
[root@host2 mnt]# cat passwd.exp 
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn /bin/passwd     
expect "New"
send "redhat\r"
expect "Retype"
send "redhat\r"
expect eof
[root@host2 mnt]# expect passwd.exp 
spawn /bin/passwd
Changing password for user root.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2.自动修改普通或root用户密码

[root@host2 mnt]# vim passwd2.exp
[root@host2 mnt]# cat passwd2.exp 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set PASS [ lindex $argv 1 ]
spawn passwd $USER
expect "New"
send "$PASS\r"
expect "Retype"
send "$PASS\r"
expect eof
[root@host2 mnt]# expect passwd2.exp mark student
spawn passwd mark
Changing password for user mark.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@host2 mnt]# expect passwd2.exp root redhat
spawn passwd root
Changing password for user root.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.编写脚本ssh.exp，自动链接指定主机

[root@host2 mnt]# vim ssh.exp
[root@host2 mnt]# cat ssh.exp 
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set PASSWD [ lindex $argv 1 ]
spawn ssh root@$IP
expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue }
    "password" { send "$PASSWD\r" }
}
interact
#expect eof
[root@host2 mnt]# 
[root@host2 mnt]# expect ssh.exp 172.25.254.1 redhat
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.1
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.1 (172.25.254.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:pVWxMALdcMk9ONSeH+dyGQ2OSNqVp4qwrwfd78EbhXY.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:ff:4e:a2:e9:94:61:db:d5:ae:26:17:67:34:d9:94:4b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.25.254.1's password: 
Last login: Thu May 17 09:35:31 2018 from 172.25.254.10
[root@host1 ~]# logout
Connection to 172.25.254.1 closed.

六、倒计时

编写脚本1：10倒计时

[root@host2 mnt]# vim time_end1.sh
[root@host2 mnt]# cat time_end1.sh 
#!/bin/bash
MIN=1
SEC=10
for ((SEC=$SEC;SEC>=0;SEC--))
do
    [ "$SEC" -eq "0" -a "$MIN" -eq "0" ]&& exit 0
    while [ "$SEC" -eq "0" -a "$MIN" -ge "0" ]
    do
        echo -n "After $MIN:$SEC is end "
        sleep 1
        ((MIN--))
        SEC=59
        echo -ne "\r    \r"
    done
    echo -n "After $MIN:$SEC is end "
    sleep 1
    echo -ne "\r    \r"
done

[root@host2 mnt]# sh time_end1.sh 
After 1:5 is end^C
[root@host2 mnt]# sh time_end1.sh 
After 0:57 is end^C