python-模块与包

一、模块

在 Python 中,一个.py文件就称之为一个模块(Module)。

•大大提高了代码的可维护性;

•编写代码不必从零开始。当一个模块编写完毕,就可以被其他地方引用;

1.内置模块

 import time
 import functools        
 import random        
 import os

2.自定义模块

自定义模块存储位置：

['/root/PycharmProjects/day06', 
'/root/PycharmProjects', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python36.zip', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6',
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3./lib-dynload', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

定义example模块：

a = 1
b = 2

HAEDER = '\033[95m'
OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
WARNING = '\033[93m'
FAIL  = '\033[36m'
END = '\033[31m'

def add(x, y):
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":   # 判断的是这个脚本内容是否为被导入的模块内容
    print(WARNING+ '这是example模块的显示' + END)
    print("这是example模块__name__：", __name__)

3.python模块的默认搜索路径

import sys
print(sys.path)

['/root/PycharmProjects/day06', 
'/root/PycharmProjects', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python36.zip', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6',
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3./lib-dynload', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

追加模块的默认搜索路径;

sys.path.append('/mnt')
print(sys.path)

['/root/PycharmProjects/day06', 
'/root/PycharmProjects', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python36.zip', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6',
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3./lib-dynload', 
'/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages'，'
/mnt']

将新的搜索路径加到最前面

sys.path.insert(0, '/tmp')
print(sys.path)