Spring Cloud Alibaba-@SentinelResource的使用

1 @SentinelResource的使用

在定义了资源点之后，我们可以通过Dashboard来设置限流和降级策略来对资源点进行保护。同时还能
通过@SentinelResource来指定出现异常时的处理策略。
@SentinelResource 用于定义资源，并提供可选的异常处理和 fallback 配置项。其主要参数如下:

定义限流和降级后的处理方法

• 方式一：直接将限流和降级方法定义在方法中

@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl3 {
  int i = 0;
  @SentinelResource(
      value = "message",
      blockHandler = "blockHandler",//指定发生BlockException时进入的方法
      fallback = "fallback"//指定发生Throwable时进入的方法
  )
  public String message() {
    i++;
    if (i % 3 == 0) {
      throw new RuntimeException();
   }
    return "message";
 }
  //BlockException时进入的方法
  public String blockHandler(BlockException ex) {
    log.error("{}", ex);
    return "接口被限流或者降级了...";
 }
  //Throwable时进入的方法
  public String fallback(Throwable throwable) {
    log.error("{}", throwable);
    return "接口发生异常了...";
 }
}

• 方式二: 将限流和降级方法外置到单独的类中

@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl3 {
  int i = 0;
  @SentinelResource(
      value = "message",
      blockHandlerClass = OrderServiceImpl3BlockHandlerClass.class,
      blockHandler = "blockHandler",
      fallbackClass = OrderServiceImpl3FallbackClass.class,
      fallback = "fallback"
 )
  public String message() {
    i++;
    if (i % 3 == 0) {
      throw new RuntimeException();
   }
    return "message4";
 }
}
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl3BlockHandlerClass {
  //注意这里必须使用static修饰方法
  public static String blockHandler(BlockException ex) {
       log.error("{}", ex);
    return "接口被限流或者降级了...";
 }
}
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl3FallbackClass {
//注意这里必须使用static修饰方法
  public static String fallback(Throwable throwable) {
    log.error("{}", throwable);
    return "接口发生异常了...";
 }
}

2 Sentinel规则持久化

通过前面的讲解，我们已经知道，可以通过Dashboard来为每个Sentinel客户端设置各种各样的规
则，但是这里有一个问题，就是这些规则默认是存放在内存中，极不稳定，所以需要将其持久化。
本地文件数据源会定时轮询文件的变更，读取规则。这样我们既可以在应用本地直接修改文件来更
新规则，也可以通过 Sentinel 控制台推送规则。以本地文件数据源为例，推送过程如下图所示：

首先 Sentinel 控制台通过 API 将规则推送至客户端并更新到内存中，接着注册的写数据源会将新的规则保存到本地的文件中。
1 编写处理类

package com.itheima.config;
//规则持久化
public class FilePersistence implements InitFunc {
  @Value("spring.application:name")
  private String appcationName;
 
  @Override
  public void init() throws Exception {
    String ruleDir = System.getProperty("user.home") + "/sentinel-
rules/"+appcationName;
    String flowRulePath = ruleDir + "/flow-rule.json";
    String degradeRulePath = ruleDir + "/degrade-rule.json";
    String systemRulePath = ruleDir + "/system-rule.json";
     String authorityRulePath = ruleDir + "/authority-rule.json";
    String paramFlowRulePath = ruleDir + "/param-flow-rule.json";
    this.mkdirIfNotExits(ruleDir);
    this.createFileIfNotExits(flowRulePath);
    this.createFileIfNotExits(degradeRulePath);
    this.createFileIfNotExits(systemRulePath);
    this.createFileIfNotExits(authorityRulePath);
    this.createFileIfNotExits(paramFlowRulePath);
    // 流控规则
    ReadableDataSource<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleRDS = new
FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
        flowRulePath,
        flowRuleListParser
   );
    FlowRuleManager.register2Property(flowRuleRDS.getProperty());
    WritableDataSource<List<FlowRule>> flowRuleWDS = new
FileWritableDataSource<>(
        flowRulePath,
        this::encodeJson
   );
    WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerFlowDataSource(flowRuleWDS);
    // 降级规则
    ReadableDataSource<String, List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleRDS = new
FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
        degradeRulePath,
        degradeRuleListParser
   );
    DegradeRuleManager.register2Property(degradeRuleRDS.getProperty());
    WritableDataSource<List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleWDS = new
FileWritableDataSource<>(
        degradeRulePath,
        this::encodeJson
   );
    WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerDegradeDataSource(degradeRuleWDS);
    // 系统规则
    ReadableDataSource<String, List<SystemRule>> systemRuleRDS = new
FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
        systemRulePath,
        systemRuleListParser
   );
    SystemRuleManager.register2Property(systemRuleRDS.getProperty());
    WritableDataSource<List<SystemRule>> systemRuleWDS = new
FileWritableDataSource<>(
        systemRulePath,
        this::encodeJson
    );
    WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerSystemDataSource(systemRuleWDS);
    // 授权规则
    ReadableDataSource<String, List<AuthorityRule>> authorityRuleRDS = new
FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
        authorityRulePath,
        authorityRuleListParser
   );
    AuthorityRuleManager.register2Property(authorityRuleRDS.getProperty());
    WritableDataSource<List<AuthorityRule>> authorityRuleWDS = new
FileWritableDataSource<>(
        authorityRulePath,
        this::encodeJson
   );
  
 WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerAuthorityDataSource(authorityRuleWDS);
    // 热点参数规则
    ReadableDataSource<String, List<ParamFlowRule>> paramFlowRuleRDS = new
FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
        paramFlowRulePath,
        paramFlowRuleListParser
   );
    ParamFlowRuleManager.register2Property(paramFlowRuleRDS.getProperty());
    WritableDataSource<List<ParamFlowRule>> paramFlowRuleWDS = new
FileWritableDataSource<>(
        paramFlowRulePath,
        this::encodeJson
   );
  
 ModifyParamFlowRulesCommandHandler.setWritableDataSource(paramFlowRuleWDS);
 }
  private Converter<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleListParser = source ->
JSON.parseObject(
      source,
      new TypeReference<List<FlowRule>>() {
     }
 );
  private Converter<String, List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleListParser = source
-> JSON.parseObject(
      source,
      new TypeReference<List<DegradeRule>>() {
     }
 );
  private Converter<String, List<SystemRule>> systemRuleListParser = source ->
JSON.parseObject(
      source,
      new TypeReference<List<SystemRule>>() {
     }
 );
  private Converter<String, List<AuthorityRule>> authorityRuleListParser =
source -> JSON.parseObject(
      source,
      new TypeReference<List<AuthorityRule>>() {
     }
 );
  private Converter<String, List<ParamFlowRule>> paramFlowRuleListParser =
source -> JSON.parseObject(
      source,
      new TypeReference<List<ParamFlowRule>>() {
     }
 );
  private void mkdirIfNotExits(String filePath) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(filePath);
    if (!file.exists()) {
      file.mkdirs();
   }
 }
  private void createFileIfNotExits(String filePath) throws IOException {
    File file = new File(filePath);
    if (!file.exists()) {
      file.createNewFile();
   }
 }
  private <T> String encodeJson(T t) {
    return JSON.toJSONString(t);
 }
}

2 添加配置
在resources下创建配置目录 META-INF/services ,然后添加文件
com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.InitFunc
在文件中添加配置类的全路径

com.itheima.config.FilePersistence