初识与安装
Openpyxl is a Python library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
安装
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$ pip
install
openpyxl
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一个简单创建例子
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from
openpyxl
import
Workbook
wb
=
Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws
=
wb.active
# 数据可以直接分配到单元格中
ws[
'A1'
]
=
42
# 可以附加行，从第一列开始附加
ws.append([
1
,
2
,
3
])
# Python 类型会被自动转换
import
datetime
ws[
'A3'
]
=
datetime.datetime.now().strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d"
)
# 保存文件
wb.save(
"sample.xlsx"
)
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打开查看Excel如下：
workbook
There is no need to create a file on the filesystem to get started with openpyxl. Just import the Workbook class and start using it.
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from
openpyxl
import
Workbook
wb
=
Workbook()
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worksheet
A workbook至少创建一个worksheet.
通过openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.active()得到worksheet.
ws = wb.active
注意：
该方法使用_active_sheet_index属性, 默认会设置0，也就是第一个worksheet。除非手动修改，否则使用active方法得到都是第一个worksheet。
你也可以创建worksheets，通过 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.create_sheet() 方法：
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>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet(
"Mysheet"
)
#插入到最后(default)
#或者
>>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet(
"Mysheet"
, 0)
#插入到最开始的位置
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创建的sheet的名称会自动创建，按照sheet，sheet1，sheet2自动增长，通过title属性可以修改其名称。
ws.title = "New Title"
默认的sheet的tab是白色的，可以通过 RRGGBB颜色来修改sheet_properties.tabColor属性从而修改sheet tab按钮的颜色:
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
当你设置了sheet的名称，可以将其看成workbook中的一个key。也可以使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_by_name() 方法
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>>> ws3 = wb[
"New Title"
]
>>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name(
"New Title"
)
>>> ws is ws3 is ws4
True
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查看workbook中的所有worksheets名称:openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_names()
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>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
[
'Sheet2'
,
'New Title'
,
'Sheet1'
]
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遍历worksheets：
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>>>
for
sheet
in
wb:
... print(sheet.title)
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操作数据
访问单元格
单元格可以看作是worksheet的key，通过key去访问单元格中的数据
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>>> c = ws[
'A4'
]
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直接返回A4单元格，如果不存在则会自动创建一个。
指定单元格的值
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>>> ws[
'A4'
] = 4
#直接赋值
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使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.cell()方法操作某行某列的某个值：
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>>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
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注意：
- 当worksheet在内存中被创建时,是没有包含cells的，cells是在首次访问时创建.
- 可以循环在内存中创建cells，这时不指定他们的值也会创建该cells些：(创建100x100cells)
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>>>
for
i
in
range(1,101):
...
for
j
in
range(1,101):
... ws.cell(row=i, column=j)
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访问许多cells
通过切片Ranges指定许多cells
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>>> cell_range = ws[
'A1'
:
'C2'
]
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同样也可以Ranges rows 或者columns :
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>>> colC = ws[
'C'
]
>>> col_range = ws[
'C:D'
]
>>> row10 = ws[10]
>>> row_range = ws[5:10]
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也可以使用 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_rows() 方法:(需要指定行->行，截止列)
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>>>
for
row
in
ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
...
for
cell
in
row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
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openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_cols() 方法:(需要指定列->列，截止行)
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>>>
for
row
in
ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
...
for
cell
in
row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
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如果你需要遍历所有文件的行或列,可以使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.rows() 属性:
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>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws[
'C9'
] =
'hello world'
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
(<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>),
(<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>),
(<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>),
(<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>),
(<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>),
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
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或者 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.columns() 属性:
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>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
<Cell Sheet.A4>,
<Cell Sheet.A5>,
<Cell Sheet.A6>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
<Cell Sheet.C2>,
<Cell Sheet.C3>,
<Cell Sheet.C4>,
<Cell Sheet.C5>,
<Cell Sheet.C6>,
<Cell Sheet.C7>,
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))
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Saving to a file
最简单最安全的方法保存workbook是使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook对象的 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.save()方法:
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>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> wb.save(
'balances.xlsx'
)
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保存的默认位置在python的根目录下。
注意：会自动覆盖已经存在文件名的文件。
Loading from a file
像写一样我们可以导入openpyxl.load_workbook()已经存在的workbook:
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>>> from openpyxl
import
load_workbook
>>> wb2 = load_workbook(
'test.xlsx'
)
>>> print wb2.get_sheet_names()
[
'Sheet2'
,
'New Title'
,
'Sheet1'
]
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常用实例
详情参考官方使用文档：
http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/usage.html
写入例子一
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from
openpyxl
import
Workbook
wb
=
Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws
=
wb.active
# 数据可以直接分配到单元格中
ws[
'A1'
]
=
42
# 可以附加行，从第一列开始附加
ws.append([
1
,
2
,
3
])
# Python 类型会被自动转换
import
datetime
ws[
'A3'
]
=
datetime.datetime.now().strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d"
)
# 保存文件
wb.save(
"sample.xlsx"
)
|
写入例子二
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/usage.html
"""
# workbook相关
from
openpyxl
import
Workbook
from
openpyxl.compat
import
range
from
openpyxl.utils
import
get_column_letter
wb
=
Workbook()
dest_filename
=
'empty_book.xlsx'
ws1
=
wb.active
ws1.title
=
"range names"
for
row
in
range
(
1
,
40
):
ws1.append(
range
(
600
))
ws2
=
wb.create_sheet(title
=
"Pi"
)
ws2[
'F5'
]
=
3.14
ws3
=
wb.create_sheet(title
=
"Data"
)
for
row
in
range
(
10
,
20
):
for
col
in
range
(
27
,
54
):
_
=
ws3.cell(column
=
col, row
=
row, value
=
"{0}"
.
format
(get_column_letter(col)))
print
(ws3[
'AA10'
].value)
wb.save(filename
=
dest_filename)
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读取例子一
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl.reader.excel import load_workbook
import json
# 读取excel2007文件
wb = load_workbook(filename=r'test_book.xlsx')
# 显示有多少张表
print "Worksheet range(s):", wb.get_named_ranges()
print "Worksheet name(s):", wb.get_sheet_names()
# 取第一张表
sheetnames = wb.get_sheet_names()
ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheetnames[0])
# 显示表名，表行数，表列数
print "Work Sheet Titile:", ws.title
print "Work Sheet Rows:", ws.max_row
print "Work Sheet Cols:", ws.max_column
# 建立存储数据的字典
data_dic = {}
# 把数据存到字典中
for rx in range(1, ws.max_row + 1):
temp_list = []
pid = rx
w1 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=1).value
w2 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=2).value
w3 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=3).value
w4 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=4).value
temp_list = [w1, w2, w3, w4]
data_dic[pid] = temp_list
# 打印字典数据个数
print 'Total:%d' % len(data_dic)
print json.dumps(data_dic, encoding="UTF-8", ensure_ascii=False)
读取结果：
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Worksheet range(s): []
Worksheet name(s): [u
'\u6d3b\u52a8\u8868'
, u
'\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f'
, u
'Sheet3'
]
Work Sheet Titile: 活动表
Work Sheet Rows: 3
Work Sheet Cols: 5
Total:3
{
"1"
: [
"张三"
, 18,
"男"
,
"广州"
],
"2"
: [
"李四"
, 20,
"女"
,
"湖北"
],
"3"
: [
"王五"
, 25,
"女"
,
"北京"
]}
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使用公式
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>>> from openpyxl
import
Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> ws = wb.active
>>>
# add a simple formula
>>> ws[
"A1"
] =
"=SUM(1, 1)"
>>> wb.save(
"formula.xlsx"
)
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