[leetcode]-8 String to Integer (atoi)

这道题目本身并不难，难点是"consider all possible input cases" 

1）首先需要过滤数字开始前的空格

2）必须以正号或负号或数字开始，形成一个合法的数字，遇到其他字符后数字结束

3）int类型的数字比如在范围-(INT_MAX+1)~INT_MAX，超过这个值的数字，整数返回INT_MAX，负数返回-(INT_MAX+1)

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {
        int len = str.size();
        int sign = 1,i = 0,flag = 0,sflag = 0;
        long n = 0;
        for(i = 0; i < len; ++i){
            if(str[i] != ' ')
                break;
        }
        for(; i < len; ++ i){
            if(str[i] == '-' && sflag == 0){
                sflag = 1;
                sign = (-1);
            }else if(str[i] == '+' && sflag == 0){
                sflag = 1;
                sign = 1;
            }else if(str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9'){
                n = n * 10 + (str[i] - '0');
                if(n > INT_MAX && sign == 1){
                     n = INT_MAX;
                     break;
                 }else if (n-1 > INT_MAX && sign == -1){
                    n = INT_MAX + 1;
                    break;
                 }
            }else{
                break;
            }
        }
        n = n * sign;
        return n;
    }
};