通过mongodump和mongorestore实现Mongodb备份和恢复

Mongodb自带了mongodump和mongorestore这两个工具来实现对数据的备份和恢复。
mongodump能够在Mongodb运行时进行备份，它的工作原理是对运行的Mongodb做查询，然后将所有查到的文档写入磁盘。但是存在的问题时使用mongodump产生的备份不一定是数据库的实时快照，如果我们在备份时对数据库进行了写入操作，则备份出来的文件可能不完全和Mongodb实时数据相等。另外在备份时可能会对其它客户端性能产生不利的影响。
mongodump用法如下：
Shell代码 收藏代码
[root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongodump –help
Export MongoDB data to BSON files.

options:
–help produce help message
-v [ –verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
–version print the program’s version and exit
-h [ –host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for
sets)
–port arg server port. Can also use –host hostname:port
–ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ –username ] arg username
-p [ –password ] arg password
–dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
–directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
–journal enable journaling
-d [ –db ] arg database to use
-c [ –collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-o [ –out ] arg (=dump) output directory or “-” for stdout
-q [ –query ] arg json query
–oplog Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting
–repair try to recover a crashed database
–forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)
参数说明：
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-o:指明到要导出的文件名
-q:指明导出数据的过滤条件

具体使用示例如下：
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[root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongodump -d test -o data/backup
connected to: 127.0.0.1
DATABASE: test to data/backup/test
test.system.indexes to data/backup/test/system.indexes.bson
9 objects
test.users to data/backup/test/users.bson
3 objects
test.games to data/backup/test/games.bson
1 objects
test.blog.post to data/backup/test/blog.post.bson
1 objects
test.lists to data/backup/test/lists.bson
1 objects
test.math to data/backup/test/math.bson
1 objects
test.map to data/backup/test/map.bson
8 objects
test.my_collection to data/backup/test/my_collection.bson
0 objects
test.foo to data/backup/test/foo.bson
6 objects
test.system.users to data/backup/test/system.users.bson
1 objects
mongorestore是Mongodb从备份中恢复数据的工具，它主要用来获取mongodump的输出结果，并将备份的数据插入到运行的Mongodb中。
mongorestore命令使用方法如下：
Shell代码 收藏代码
[root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongorestore –help
usage: ./bin/mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]
options:
–help produce help message
-v [ –verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
–version print the program’s version and exit
-h [ –host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)
–port arg server port. Can also use –host hostname:port
–ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ –username ] arg username
-p [ –password ] arg password
–dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
–directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
–journal enable journaling
-d [ –db ] arg database to use
-c [ –collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
–objcheck validate object before inserting
–filter arg filter to apply before inserting
–drop drop each collection before import
–oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore
–keepIndexVersion don’t upgrade indexes to newest version
参数说明：
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-o:指明到要备份的文件名
-q:指明备份数据的过滤条件

具体使用示例如下：
Shell代码 收藏代码
[root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongorestore -d test –drop data/backup/test/
connected to: 127.0.0.1
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/games.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.games]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
1 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/foo.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.foo]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
6 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/blog.post.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.blog.post]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
1 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/lists.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.lists]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
1 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/map.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.map]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
8 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/math.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.math]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
1 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/system.users.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.system.users]
1 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/my_collection.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.my_collection]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 file data/backup/test/my_collection.bson empty, skipping
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/users.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.users]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
3 objects found
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 data/backup/test/system.indexes.bson
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 going into namespace [test.system.indexes]
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 dropping
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.users”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.games”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.blog.post”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.lists”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.math”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.map”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { gps: “2d” }, ns: “test.map”, name: “gps_”, min: -180.0, max: 181.0 }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.foo”, name: “_id” }
Tue Aug 14 01:18:17 { key: { id: 1 }, ns: “test.system.users”, name: “_id” }
9 objects found