Fragment基础知识

这一节，复习一下Android中碎片化Fragment的基础知识，首先，来看看它的生命周期方法，如下图：

它的生命周期与Activity的生命周期关系非常密切，学习时应该与它结合着看比较好，而且在面试时会经常被问到它们的执行顺序，现在写个Demo来看一看,这里只贴主要的代码，剩下的各生命周期方法自己动手写写。

MainActivity.java代码如下:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
    ft.add(R.id.fl,new MyFragment());
    ft.commit();
    System.out.println("MainActvity------->onCreate");
}

运行结果如下图：

注：经常会用到Fragment的三个方法：onCreate(),onCreateView(),onPause();

接下来，来看看Fragment之间数据传递的知识，先看一下效果图：

左右两边分别是不同的Fragment,来看看代码：

MainActivity.java代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
        LeftFragment leftFragment = new LeftFragment();
        ft.add(R.id.left_frag,leftFragment,"left");
        ft.addToBackStack("left");
        ft.commit();
    }
}

activity_main:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    tools:context="startimes.com.fragmentssenddatademo.MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
    android:id="@+id/left_frag"
    android:layout_width="150dp"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:weightSum="1">
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
    android:id="@+id/right_frag"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#ffacacac"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    ></LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

LeftFragment.java:

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {
    private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;
    private List<String> list;
    private ListView lv;
    private FragmentManager fm;
    private FragmentTransaction ft;
    public LeftFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initData();
        adapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, list);
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_left, container, false);

        lv = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.lv);
        lv.setAdapter(adapter);
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        lv.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long l) {
                String item = adapter.getItem(position);
                fm = getFragmentManager();
                ft=fm.beginTransaction();
                RightFragment rightFragment = new RightFragment();
                ft.replace(R.id.right_frag,rightFragment,"right");
                ft.addToBackStack("right");
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("position",item);
                rightFragment.setArguments(bundle);
                ft.commit();
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
    private void initData() {
        list = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
            list.add("提升了"+i);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
    }
}

RightFragment.java:

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {
    private EditText et;
    public RightFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }
    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_right, container, false);
        et = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.et);
        String position = getArguments().getString("position");
        et.setText("你好,现在"+position);
        return view;
    }
}

注：Fragment的布局代码较简单，这里就不贴了。

最后，来看看有关Fragment独立性的体现，也是传递数据，但通接口来调的，来看看代码：

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements TopsFragment.OnTopButtonClickedListener {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(String name) {
        BottomsFragment fragment = (BottomsFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("bottom_fragment");
        fragment.updateText("onClick:"+name);
    }
}

activity_main.xml:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="startimes.com.fragmentcallbackdemo.MainActivity">
    <fragment
        android:name="startimes.com.fragmentcallbackdemo.TopsFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:tag="top_fragment"
        />
    <fragment
        android:name="startimes.com.fragmentcallbackdemo.BottomsFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:tag="bottom_fragment"
        />
</LinearLayout>
TopFragment.java:
public class TopsFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener {
    public TopsFragment() {
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
    if(listener!=null){
        listener.onClick("Hello,infomation comes from TopsFragment");
    }
    }
    private  OnTopButtonClickedListener listener;
    public interface  OnTopButtonClickedListener{
        public void onClick(String name);
    }
    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        if(getActivity() instanceof OnTopButtonClickedListener){
            listener= (OnTopButtonClickedListener) getActivity();
        }
        super.onAttach(activity);
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_tops, container, false);
        view.setOnClickListener(this);
        return view;
    }
}
BottomsFragment.java:
public class BottomsFragment extends Fragment {
    public BottomsFragment() {
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_bottoms, container, false);
    }
    public void updateText(String value){
        EditText editText= (EditText) getView();
        editText.setText(value);
    }
}
效果图如下：

今天就先复习这些。