Android移动端开发代码规范与格式化工具

于 2018-07-10 00:12:40 发布
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分类专栏： 项目管理 Android Java 文章标签： 代码格式规范化
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ljx1400052550/article/details/80979238
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原则

有几个原则可以帮助大家不看文档也能写出符合规范的代码：

  1. 如果是修改已有的代码，跟周围的风格一致
  2. 如果是使用系统SDK来开发，除非特别说明，风格要和系统SDK一致
  3. 新建文件写代码都按规范来写；旧文件中不符合规范的代码，找个合适的时间批处理格式化。
  4. 学会IDE如何设置默认的代码格式

如果无公司标准，为了方便都使用谷歌的代码规范集，它已覆盖了很多流行的编程语言。

规范

1：Android开源项目（AOSP）有自己的《Java规范》（需要翻墙），但AOSP本身建议应用开发者遵守的是《谷歌的Java规范》。

2：阿里巴巴参考谷歌，编写了《Java开发手册》，并为Eclipse和IntelliJ IDEA做了代码扫描和修正插件p3c（见后文）。


常用工具

1：clang-format

可以用来格式化C、C++、Java、JavaScript、Objective-C、Protobuf代码。官方介绍与使用说明：http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html 。

获取方法，到 http://releases.llvm.org/download.html 根据操作系统下载Pre-Built Binaries。以macOS为例，下载clang+llvm-5.0.0-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.xz解压后，在bin目录能找到clang-format可执行文件，约2MB。然后在命令行运行它即可格式化代码：

# -i参数表示格式化后覆盖保存文件
# --style=LLVM表示使用LLVM风格来格式化，还可以选择Google等风格
clang-format -i --style=LLVM aaa.h bbb.cpp ccc.m
# 使用管道可以避免一个个文件来输入
find ./code_src_dir -name *.h -o -name *.c | xargs clang-format -i
# 更多用法可用下命令列出
clang-format -h:
2:谷歌的check style

 谷歌的check style是一个丰富的代码约束规范配置工具，支持多种开发语言，比如，Java，Python，c++,c，c#,JavaScript.....开发者只需要在开发工具中引入约束即可规范的管理我们的代码格式，比如idea，eclipse，Android studo,vs......等等开发工具，同时，还人性化的支持自定义style约束规范编码，可以形成自己独有风格的代码规范，功能强大而灵活多变。

具体开发语言可参考官网资料：谷歌check stytle

下面是本人更具官网模板和自己需求自定义的Java开发的style：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<code_scheme name="GoogleStyle">
  <option name="OTHER_INDENT_OPTIONS">
    <value>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="USE_TAB_CHARACTER" value="false" />
      <option name="SMART_TABS" value="false" />
      <option name="LABEL_INDENT_SIZE" value="0" />
      <option name="LABEL_INDENT_ABSOLUTE" value="false" />
      <option name="USE_RELATIVE_INDENTS" value="false" />
    </value>
  </option>
  <option name="INSERT_INNER_CLASS_IMPORTS" value="true" />
  <option name="CLASS_COUNT_TO_USE_IMPORT_ON_DEMAND" value="999" />
  <option name="NAMES_COUNT_TO_USE_IMPORT_ON_DEMAND" value="999" />
  <option name="PACKAGES_TO_USE_IMPORT_ON_DEMAND">
    <value />
  </option>
  <option name="IMPORT_LAYOUT_TABLE">
    <value>
      <package name="" withSubpackages="true" static="true" />
      <emptyLine />
      <package name="" withSubpackages="true" static="false" />
    </value>
  </option>
  <option name="RIGHT_MARGIN" value="100" />
  <option name="JD_ALIGN_PARAM_COMMENTS" value="false" />
  <option name="JD_ALIGN_EXCEPTION_COMMENTS" value="false" />
  <option name="JD_P_AT_EMPTY_LINES" value="false" />
  <option name="JD_KEEP_EMPTY_PARAMETER" value="false" />
  <option name="JD_KEEP_EMPTY_EXCEPTION" value="false" />
  <option name="JD_KEEP_EMPTY_RETURN" value="false" />
  <option name="KEEP_CONTROL_STATEMENT_IN_ONE_LINE" value="false" />
  <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_BEFORE_RBRACE" value="0" />
  <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_IN_CODE" value="1" />
  <option name="BLANK_LINES_AFTER_CLASS_HEADER" value="0" />
  <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_PARAMETERS" value="false" />
  <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_FOR" value="false" />
  <option name="CALL_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="METHOD_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="EXTENDS_LIST_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="THROWS_KEYWORD_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="METHOD_CALL_CHAIN_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_SIGN_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
  <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_SIGNS_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
  <option name="FOR_STATEMENT_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="ARRAY_INITIALIZER_WRAP" value="1" />
  <option name="WRAP_COMMENTS" value="true" />
  <option name="IF_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
  <option name="DOWHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
  <option name="WHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
  <option name="FOR_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
  <option name="SPACE_BEFORE_ARRAY_INITIALIZER_LBRACE" value="true" />
  <AndroidXmlCodeStyleSettings>
    <option name="USE_CUSTOM_SETTINGS" value="true" />
    <option name="LAYOUT_SETTINGS">
      <value>
        <option name="INSERT_BLANK_LINE_BEFORE_TAG" value="false" />
      </value>
    </option>
  </AndroidXmlCodeStyleSettings>
  <JSCodeStyleSettings>
    <option name="INDENT_CHAINED_CALLS" value="false" />
  </JSCodeStyleSettings>
  <Python>
    <option name="USE_CONTINUATION_INDENT_FOR_ARGUMENTS" value="true" />
  </Python>
  <TypeScriptCodeStyleSettings>
    <option name="INDENT_CHAINED_CALLS" value="false" />
  </TypeScriptCodeStyleSettings>
  <XML>
    <option name="XML_ALIGN_ATTRIBUTES" value="false" />
    <option name="XML_LEGACY_SETTINGS_IMPORTED" value="true" />
  </XML>
  <codeStyleSettings language="CSS">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="ECMA Script Level 4">
    <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_IN_CODE" value="1" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_PARAMETERS" value="false" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_FOR" value="false" />
    <option name="CALL_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="METHOD_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="EXTENDS_LIST_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_SIGN_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_SIGNS_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="FOR_STATEMENT_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="ARRAY_INITIALIZER_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="IF_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="DOWHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="WHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="FOR_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="PARENT_SETTINGS_INSTALLED" value="true" />
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="HTML">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="JAVA">
    <option name="KEEP_CONTROL_STATEMENT_IN_ONE_LINE" value="false" />
    <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_IN_CODE" value="1" />
    <option name="BLANK_LINES_AFTER_CLASS_HEADER" value="1" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_PARAMETERS" value="false" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_RESOURCES" value="false" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_FOR" value="false" />
    <option name="CALL_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="METHOD_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="EXTENDS_LIST_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="THROWS_KEYWORD_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="METHOD_CALL_CHAIN_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_SIGN_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_SIGNS_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="FOR_STATEMENT_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="ARRAY_INITIALIZER_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="WRAP_COMMENTS" value="true" />
    <option name="IF_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="DOWHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="WHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="FOR_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="PARENT_SETTINGS_INSTALLED" value="true" />
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="JSON">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="JavaScript">
    <option name="RIGHT_MARGIN" value="80" />
    <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_IN_CODE" value="1" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_PARAMETERS" value="false" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_FOR" value="false" />
    <option name="CALL_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="METHOD_PARAMETERS_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_SIGN_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="TERNARY_OPERATION_SIGNS_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="FOR_STATEMENT_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="ARRAY_INITIALIZER_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="IF_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="DOWHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="WHILE_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="FOR_BRACE_FORCE" value="3" />
    <option name="PARENT_SETTINGS_INSTALLED" value="true" />
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="PROTO">
    <option name="RIGHT_MARGIN" value="80" />
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="protobuf">
    <option name="RIGHT_MARGIN" value="80" />
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="Python">
    <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_IN_CODE" value="1" />
    <option name="RIGHT_MARGIN" value="80" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_PARAMETERS" value="false" />
    <option name="PARENT_SETTINGS_INSTALLED" value="true" />
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="SASS">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="SCSS">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="TypeScript">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
  <codeStyleSettings language="XML">
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="TAB_SIZE" value="2" />
    </indentOptions>
    <arrangement>
      <rules>
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          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>xmlns:android</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>^$</XML_NAMESPACE>
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        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>xmlns:.*</NAME>
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        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:id</NAME>
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              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
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          <rule>
            <match>
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              </AND>
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        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:.*Style</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
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            <order>BY_NAME</order>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_width</NAME>
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              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_height</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_weight</NAME>
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              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_marginTop</NAME>
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                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_marginBottom</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
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          </rule>
        </section>
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          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_marginStart</NAME>
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              </AND>
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          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
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            </match>
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          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_marginLeft</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_marginRight</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:layout_.*</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
            <order>BY_NAME</order>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:padding</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
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            </match>
          </rule>
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        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:paddingTop</NAME>
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        <section>
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              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:paddingBottom</NAME>
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          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:paddingStart</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:paddingEnd</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:paddingLeft</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*:paddingRight</NAME>
                <XML_ATTRIBUTE />
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
              </AND>
            </match>
          </rule>
        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*</NAME>
                <XML_NAMESPACE>http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</XML_NAMESPACE>
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            <order>BY_NAME</order>
          </rule>
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        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
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            <order>BY_NAME</order>
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        </section>
        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
                <NAME>.*</NAME>
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        <section>
          <rule>
            <match>
              <AND>
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    <option name="ALIGN_INIT_LIST_IN_COLUMNS" value="false" />
    <option name="SPACE_BEFORE_SUPERCLASS_COLON" value="false" />
  </Objective-C>
  <Objective-C-extensions>
    <option name="GENERATE_INSTANCE_VARIABLES_FOR_PROPERTIES" value="ASK" />
    <option name="RELEASE_STYLE" value="IVAR" />
    <option name="TYPE_QUALIFIERS_PLACEMENT" value="BEFORE" />
    <file>
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Import" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Macro" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Typedef" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Enum" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Constant" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Global" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Struct" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="FunctionPredecl" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Function" />
    </file>
    <class>
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Property" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="Synthesize" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="InitMethod" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="StaticMethod" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="InstanceMethod" />
      <option name="com.jetbrains.cidr.lang.util.OCDeclarationKind" value="DeallocMethod" />
    </class>
    <extensions>
      <pair source="cc" header="h" />
      <pair source="c" header="h" />
    </extensions>
  </Objective-C-extensions>
  <codeStyleSettings language="ObjectiveC">
    <option name="RIGHT_MARGIN" value="80" />
    <option name="KEEP_BLANK_LINES_BEFORE_RBRACE" value="1" />
    <option name="BLANK_LINES_BEFORE_IMPORTS" value="0" />
    <option name="BLANK_LINES_AFTER_IMPORTS" value="0" />
    <option name="BLANK_LINES_AROUND_CLASS" value="0" />
    <option name="BLANK_LINES_AROUND_METHOD" value="0" />
    <option name="BLANK_LINES_AROUND_METHOD_IN_INTERFACE" value="0" />
    <option name="ALIGN_MULTILINE_BINARY_OPERATION" value="false" />
    <option name="BINARY_OPERATION_SIGN_ON_NEXT_LINE" value="true" />
    <option name="FOR_STATEMENT_WRAP" value="1" />
    <option name="ASSIGNMENT_WRAP" value="1" />
    <indentOptions>
      <option name="INDENT_SIZE" value="2" />
      <option name="CONTINUATION_INDENT_SIZE" value="4" />
    </indentOptions>
  </codeStyleSettings>
</code_scheme>

IDEA中添加Google CheckStyle 完美指南请参考：IDEA中添加Google CheckStyle

自定义规范参考指南：参考指南


3：阿里p3c

Java代码扫描和修正插件。源码地址： https://github.com/alibaba/p3c  。代码规范的pdf也在此库中。



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