大纲
Consul简介
- 官网的话
- HashiCorp Consul 是一个服务网络解决方案,可帮助团队管理服务之间以及内部部署和多云环境与运行时之间的安全网络连接。
- Consul 提供服务发现、服务网格、流量管理和网络基础设施设备自动更新功能。您可以单独使用这些功能,也可以在单个 Consul 部署中一起使用。
Consul特性
- 服务发现
- 提供HTTP和DNS两种发现方式。
- 健康监测
- 支持多种方式,HTTP、TCP、Docker、Shell脚本定制化监控
- KV存储
- Key、Value的存储方式
- 多数据中心
- Consul支持多数据中心
- 可视化Web界面
- 官网下载地址
- 帮助文档
- 官网安装说明
安装与运行Consul
- 安装完成之后在路径下会看到consul.exe文件
- 进入dos,运行
consul --version
,可查看到consul版本号说明consul成功安装
- 在dos窗口中运行
consul agent -dev
运行本地consul服务注册中心服务器
- 使用浏览器访问http://localhost:8500
构建Consul微服务Demo
构建服务提供者Payment8006微服务
- 环境搭建
- pom文件引入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2023</artifactId>
<groupId>top.ljzstudy.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-consul-payment8006</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud consul-server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 编写application.yaml文件配置环境
server:
port: 8006
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-consul-payment
cloud:
#consul注册地址
consul:
host: localhost
port: 8500
discovery:
service-name: ${spring.application.name}
- 主启动类
package top.ljzstudy.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain8006 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8006.class,args);
}
}
- 编写业务
- 控制层ConsulPaymentController
package top.ljzstudy.springcloud.controller;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.UUID;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ConsulPaymentController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String serverPort;
@RequestMapping(value = "/payment/consul")
public String paymentConsul()
{
return "spring cloud with consul: "+serverPort+"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
}
- 测试
- 依次启动Payment8006,ConsumerOrderMain80
GET http://localhost:8006/payment/consul
HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 67
Date: Sat, 09 Sep 2023 07:00:37 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive
spring cloud with consul: 8006 6f1a9c5d-e215-40d0-8c1c-1da3a7d98fa3
构建服务消费者ConsulOrderMain80微服务
- 搭建环境
- pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2023</artifactId>
<groupId>top.ljzstudy.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-consul-order80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud consul-server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 编写application.yaml配置
###consul服务端口号
server:
port: 80
spring:
application:
name: cloud-consumer-order
####consul注册中心地址
cloud:
consul:
host: localhost
port: 8500
discovery:
#hostname: 127.0.0.1
service-name: ${spring.application.name}
- 编写主启动类
package top.ljzstudy.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient //该注解用于向使用consul或者zookeeper作为注册中心时注册服务
public class ConsulOrderMain80
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(ConsulOrderMain80.class,args);
}
}
- 编写Config配置类
package top.ljzstudy.springcloud.config;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
- 编写业务
- 编写Controller
package top.ljzstudy.springcloud.controller;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ConsulOrderController {
public static final String INVOKE_URL = "http://cloud-provider-consul-payment";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/consul")
public String paymentInfo() {
return restTemplate.getForObject(INVOKE_URL + "/payment/consul", String.class);
}
}
GET http://localhost:80/consumer/payment/consul
HTTP/1.1 200
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 67
Date: Sat, 09 Sep 2023 07:15:16 GMT
Keep-Alive: timeout=60
Connection: keep-alive
spring cloud with consul: 8006 4475abcc-9cba-4c29-8fea-d0920b185da6
Response code: 200; Time: 109ms; Content length: 67 bytes
分布式架构之CAP理论
比较Eureka,Zookeeper与Consul三者在注册中心中的异同
CAP理论
- 什么是CAP
- C:Consistency(强一致性)
- A:Availability(可用性)
- P:Partition tolerance(分区容错性)
- CAP理论关注粒度是数据,而不是整体系统设计的策略
- 核心原则==>最多只能同时较好的满足两个。
- CAP理论的核心是:一个分布式系统不可能同时很好的满足一致性,可用性和分区容错性这三个需求,
- 因此,根据 CAP 原理将 NoSQL 数据库分成了满足 CA 原则、满足 CP 原则和满足 AP 原则三 大类:
- CA - 单点集群,满足一致性,可用性的系统,通常在可扩展性上不太强大。
- CP - 满足一致性,分区容忍必的系统,通常性能不是特别高。
- AP - 满足可用性,分区容忍性的系统,通常可能对一致性要求低一些。
AP架构(Eureka)
当网络分区出现后,为了保证可用性,系统B可以返回旧值,保证系统的可用性。
结论:违背了一致性C的要求,只满足可用性和分区容错,即AP
CP架构(Zookeeper和Consul)
当网络分区出现后,为了保证一致性,就必须拒接请求,否则无法保证一致性
结论:违背了可用性A的要求,只满足一致性和分区容错,即CP