水平有限,描述不当之处还请指出,转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/vanbreaker/article/details/7734150
上节介绍了SPI子系统中的一些重要数据结构和SPI子系统初始化的第一步,也就是注册SPI总线。这节介绍针对于s3c24xx平台的SPI子系统初始化,在看具体的代码之前,先上一张自己画的图,帮助理清初始化的主要步骤
显然,SPI是一种平台特定的资源,所以它是以platform平台设备的方式注册进内核的,因此它的struct platform_device结构是已经静态定义好了的,现在只待它的struct platform_driver注册,然后和platform_device匹配。
初始化的入口:
- static int __init s3c24xx_spi_init(void)
- {
- return platform_driver_probe(&s3c24xx_spi_driver, s3c24xx_spi_probe);
- }
platform_driver_probe()会调用platform_driver_register()来注册驱动,然后在注册的过程中寻求匹配的platform_device,一旦匹配成功,便会调用probe函数,也就是s3c24xx_spi_probe(),在看这个函数之前,还得介绍几个相关的数据结构。
struct s3c2410_spi_info是一个板级结构,也是在移植时就定义好的,在初始化spi_master时用到,platform_device-->dev-->platform_data会指向这个结构。
- struct s3c2410_spi_info {
- int pin_cs; /* simple gpio cs */
- unsigned int num_cs; /* total chipselects */
- int bus_num;/* bus number to use. */
- void (*gpio_setup)(struct s3c2410_spi_info *spi, int enable);
- void (*set_cs)(struct s3c2410_spi_info *spi, int cs, int pol);
- };
struct s3c24xx_spi用来具体描述s3c24xx平台上一个SPI控制器
- struct s3c24xx_spi {
- /* bitbang has to be first */
- struct spi_bitbang bitbang;
- struct completion done;
- void __iomem *regs;
- int irq;
- int len;
- int count;
- void (*set_cs)(struct s3c2410_spi_info *spi,
- int cs, int pol);
- /* data buffers */
- const unsigned char *tx;
- unsigned char *rx;
- struct clk *clk;
- struct resource *ioarea;
- struct spi_master *master;
- struct spi_device *curdev;
- struct device *dev;
- struct s3c2410_spi_info *pdata;
- };
struct spi_bitbang用于控制实际的数据传输
- struct spi_bitbang {
- struct workqueue_struct *workqueue; /*工作队列*/
- struct work_struct work;
- spinlock_t lock;
- struct list_head queue;
- u8 busy;
- u8 use_dma;
- u8 flags; /* extra spi->mode support */
- struct spi_master *master; /*bitbang所属的master*/
- /*用于设置设备传输时的时钟,字长等*/
- int (*setup_transfer)(struct spi_device *spi,
- struct spi_transfer *t);
- void (*chipselect)(struct spi_device *spi, int is_on);
- #define BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE 1 /* normally nCS, active low */
- #define BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE 0
- /*针对于平台的传输控制函数*/
- int (*txrx_bufs)(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t);
- /* txrx_word[SPI_MODE_*]() just looks like a shift register */
- u32 (*txrx_word[4])(struct spi_device *spi,
- unsigned nsecs,
- u32 word, u8 bits);
- };
下面来看s3c24xx_spi_probe()函数的实现
- static int __init s3c24xx_spi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
- {
- struct s3c2410_spi_info *pdata;
- struct s3c24xx_spi *hw;
- struct spi_master *master;
- struct resource *res;
- int err = 0;
- /*创建spi_master,并将spi_master->private_data指向s3c24xx_spi*/
- master = spi_alloc_master(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct s3c24xx_spi));
- if (master == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No memory for spi_master\n");
- err = -ENOMEM;
- goto err_nomem;
- }
- hw = spi_master_get_devdata(master);//获取s3c24xx_spi
- memset(hw, 0, sizeof(struct s3c24xx_spi));
- hw->master = spi_master_get(master);
- hw->pdata = pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
- hw->dev = &pdev->dev;
- if (pdata == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No platform data supplied\n");
- err = -ENOENT;
- goto err_no_pdata;
- }
- platform_set_drvdata(pdev, hw);
- init_completion(&hw->done);
- /* setup the master state. */
- /*片选数和SPI主控制器编号是在platform_data中已经定义好了的*/
- master->num_chipselect = hw->pdata->num_cs;
- master->bus_num = pdata->bus_num;
- /* setup the state for the bitbang driver */
- /*设置bitbang的所属master和控制传输的相关函数*/
- hw->bitbang.master = hw->master;
- hw->bitbang.setup_transfer = s3c24xx_spi_setupxfer;
- hw->bitbang.chipselect = s3c24xx_spi_chipsel;
- hw->bitbang.txrx_bufs = s3c24xx_spi_txrx;
- hw->bitbang.master->setup = s3c24xx_spi_setup;
- dev_dbg(hw->dev, "bitbang at %p\n", &hw->bitbang);
- /* find and map our resources */
- res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
- if (res == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot get IORESOURCE_MEM\n");
- err = -ENOENT;
- goto err_no_iores;
- }
- hw->ioarea = request_mem_region(res->start, (res->end - res->start)+1,
- pdev->name);
- if (hw->ioarea == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot reserve region\n");
- err = -ENXIO;
- goto err_no_iores;
- }
- /*映射SPI控制寄存器*/
- hw->regs = ioremap(res->start, (res->end - res->start)+1);
- if (hw->regs == NULL) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot map IO\n");
- err = -ENXIO;
- goto err_no_iomap;
- }
- /*获取中断号*/
- hw->irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0);
- if (hw->irq < 0) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No IRQ specified\n");
- err = -ENOENT;
- goto err_no_irq;
- }
- /*注册中断*/
- err = request_irq(hw->irq, s3c24xx_spi_irq, 0, pdev->name, hw);
- if (err) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Cannot claim IRQ\n");
- goto err_no_irq;
- }
- hw->clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "spi");
- if (IS_ERR(hw->clk)) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No clock for device\n");
- err = PTR_ERR(hw->clk);
- goto err_no_clk;
- }
- /* setup any gpio we can */
- if (!pdata->set_cs) {
- if (pdata->pin_cs < 0) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No chipselect pin\n");
- goto err_register;
- }
- err = gpio_request(pdata->pin_cs, dev_name(&pdev->dev));
- if (err) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to get gpio for cs\n");
- goto err_register;
- }
- hw->set_cs = s3c24xx_spi_gpiocs;//设定片选函数
- gpio_direction_output(pdata->pin_cs, 1);
- } else
- hw->set_cs = pdata->set_cs;
- s3c24xx_spi_initialsetup(hw);
- /* register our spi controller */
- /* 注册主机SPI控制器 */
- err = spi_bitbang_start(&hw->bitbang);
- if (err) {
- dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Failed to register SPI master\n");
- goto err_register;
- }
- return 0;
- err_register:
- if (hw->set_cs == s3c24xx_spi_gpiocs)
- gpio_free(pdata->pin_cs);
- clk_disable(hw->clk);
- clk_put(hw->clk);
- err_no_clk:
- free_irq(hw->irq, hw);
- err_no_irq:
- iounmap(hw->regs);
- int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
- {
- int status;
- if (!bitbang->master || !bitbang->chipselect)
- return -EINVAL;
- /*初始化一个struct work,处理函数为bitbang_work*/
- INIT_WORK(&bitbang->work, bitbang_work);
- spin_lock_init(&bitbang->lock);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bitbang->queue);
- /*检测bitbang中的函数是否都定义了,如果没定义,则默认使用spi_bitbang_xxx*/
- if (!bitbang->master->transfer)
- bitbang->master->transfer = spi_bitbang_transfer;
- if (!bitbang->txrx_bufs) {
- bitbang->use_dma = 0;
- bitbang->txrx_bufs = spi_bitbang_bufs;
- if (!bitbang->master->setup) {
- if (!bitbang->setup_transfer)
- bitbang->setup_transfer =
- spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
- bitbang->master->setup = spi_bitbang_setup;
- bitbang->master->cleanup = spi_bitbang_cleanup;
- }
- } else if (!bitbang->master->setup)
- return -EINVAL;
- /* this task is the only thing to touch the SPI bits */
- bitbang->busy = 0;
- /*创建bitbang的工作队列*/
- bitbang->workqueue = create_singlethread_workqueue(
- dev_name(bitbang->master->dev.parent));
- if (bitbang->workqueue == NULL) {
- status = -EBUSY;
- goto err1;
- }
- /* driver may get busy before register() returns, especially
- * if someone registered boardinfo for devices
- */
- /*注册spi_master*/
- status = spi_register_master(bitbang->master);
- if (status < 0)
- goto err2;
- return status;
- err2:
- destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
- err1:
- return status;
- }
下一个关键函数就是spi_register_master(),用于注册spi_master
- int spi_register_master(struct spi_master *master)
- {
- static atomic_t dyn_bus_id = ATOMIC_INIT((1<<15) - 1);
- struct device *dev = master->dev.parent;
- int status = -ENODEV;
- int dynamic = 0;
- if (!dev)
- return -ENODEV;
- /* even if it's just one always-selected device, there must
- * be at least one chipselect
- */
- if (master->num_chipselect == 0)//片选数不能为0
- return -EINVAL;
- /* convention: dynamically assigned bus IDs count down from the max */
- if (master->bus_num < 0) {
- /* FIXME switch to an IDR based scheme, something like
- * I2C now uses, so we can't run out of "dynamic" IDs
- */
- master->bus_num = atomic_dec_return(&dyn_bus_id);
- dynamic = 1;
- }
- /* register the device, then userspace will see it.
- * registration fails if the bus ID is in use.
- */
- dev_set_name(&master->dev, "spi%u", master->bus_num);
- status = device_add(&master->dev);//添加spi_master设备
- if (status < 0)
- goto done;
- dev_dbg(dev, "registered master %s%s\n", dev_name(&master->dev),
- dynamic ? " (dynamic)" : "");
- /* populate children from any spi device tables */
- scan_boardinfo(master);//遍历板级信息,寻找可以挂接在该spi_master下的从设备
- status = 0;
- done:
- return status;
- }
- static void scan_boardinfo(struct spi_master *master)
- {
- struct boardinfo *bi;
- mutex_lock(&board_lock);
- list_for_each_entry(bi, &board_list, list) {
- struct spi_board_info *chip = bi->board_info;
- unsigned n;
- for (n = bi->n_board_info; n > 0; n--, chip++) {
- if (chip->bus_num != master->bus_num)
- continue;
- /* NOTE: this relies on spi_new_device to
- * issue diagnostics when given bogus inputs
- */
- /*bus_num相等则创建新设备*/
- (void) spi_new_device(master, chip);
- }
- }
- mutex_unlock(&board_lock);
- }
spi_board_info是板级信息,是在移植时就写好的,并且要将其注册
- struct spi_board_info {
- char modalias[32]; /*名字*/
- const void *platform_data;
- void *controller_data;
- int irq; /*中断号*/
- u32 max_speed_hz; /*最高传输速率*/
- u16 bus_num; /*所属的spi_master编号*/
- u16 chip_select; /*片选号*/
- u8 mode; /*传输模式*/
- };
最后一步就是将相应的从设备注册进内核
- struct spi_device *spi_new_device(struct spi_master *master,
- struct spi_board_info *chip)
- {
- struct spi_device *proxy;
- int status;
- /* NOTE: caller did any chip->bus_num checks necessary.
- *
- * Also, unless we change the return value convention to use
- * error-or-pointer (not NULL-or-pointer), troubleshootability
- * suggests syslogged diagnostics are best here (ugh).
- */
- /*创建SPI_device*/
- proxy = spi_alloc_device(master);
- if (!proxy)
- return NULL;
- WARN_ON(strlen(chip->modalias) >= sizeof(proxy->modalias));
- /*初始化*/
- proxy->chip_select = chip->chip_select;
- proxy->max_speed_hz = chip->max_speed_hz;
- proxy->mode = chip->mode;
- proxy->irq = chip->irq;
- strlcpy(proxy->modalias, chip->modalias, sizeof(proxy->modalias));
- proxy->dev.platform_data = (void *) chip->platform_data;
- proxy->controller_data = chip->controller_data;
- proxy->controller_state = NULL;
- /*将新设备添加进内核*/
- status = spi_add_device(proxy);
- if (status < 0) {
- spi_dev_put(proxy);
- return NULL;
- }
- return proxy;
- }