linux vfs 解析 之 mount 文件系统 (上)

原文:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5219094a0100calt.html

mount 文件系统

主要数据结构:

struct namespace {
 atomic_t  count;  
 struct vfsmount * root; 
 struct list_head list; 
 struct rw_semaphore sem; 
};

 

struct vfsmount
{
 struct list_head mnt_hash;  
 struct vfsmount *mnt_parent; 
 struct dentry *mnt_mountpoint; 
 struct dentry *mnt_root;  
 struct super_block *mnt_sb;  
 struct list_head mnt_mounts; 
 struct list_head mnt_child;  
 atomic_t mnt_count;    
 int mnt_flags;     
 int mnt_expiry_mark;   
 char *mnt_devname;    
 struct list_head mnt_list;  
 struct list_head mnt_fslink; 
 struct namespace *mnt_namespace;
};

struct nameidata {
 struct dentry *dentry;  
 struct vfsmount *mnt;   
 struct qstr last;    
 unsigned int flags;   
 int  last_type;    
 unsigned depth;    
 char *saved_names[MAX_NESTED_LINKS + 1]; 

 
 union {
  struct open_intent open;
 } intent;
};


enum {LAST_NORM, LAST_ROOT, LAST_DOT, LAST_DOTDOT, LAST_BIND}; 


#define LOOKUP_FOLLOW   1
#define LOOKUP_DIRECTORY  2
#define LOOKUP_CONTINUE   4
#define LOOKUP_PARENT  16
#define LOOKUP_NOALT  32
#define LOOKUP_REVAL  64

#define LOOKUP_OPEN  (0x0100)
#define LOOKUP_CREATE  (0x0200)
#define LOOKUP_ACCESS  (0x0400)

 


struct qstr {
 unsigned int hash;   
 unsigned int len;   
 const unsigned char *name; 
};


--------------------------------------------------------------------------

需要补习的内容:

对于一个文件(在Linux下所有都是文件,包括目录等等) ,如何判断该文件 是不是目录,或者是不是符号链接, 是通过inode :

如果是目录,则一定有 inode->i_op->lookup 方法,即 inode->i_op->lookup 一定不是NULL

如果是符号链接, 则一定有 inode->i_op->follow_link 方法,即 inode->i_op->follow_link 一定不是NULL

 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------

对于每一个 mount 的文件系统,都由一个 vfsmount 实例来表示。

对于每一个进程,都有自己的 namespace , 这可以理解为这个进程的地盘。
在这里,所有的文件系统都要挂上来统一管理, 如下所示:

           task_struct         
         +-------------+       
                            |       
         +-------------+       
         | name_space  |-------\
         +-------------+                 |                                                 
                           |                 |                                                 
         +-------------+                 |        namespace                                
                            |                \------>+---------+                               
                                                           |  count                               
                                                          +---------+                               
                                                           |  root                                
                                                           +---------+                               
                      /--------------------------->|  list   |<-----------------------\      
                      |                                    +---------+                               |      
                      |                                    |  sem                                 |      
                      |                                     +---------+                             |      
                      |                                                                                    |      
                      |                                                                                    |      
                      |        vfsmount                               vfsmount            |      
                      |     +------------+                         +------------+             |      
                      |     | mnt_hash|                       | mnt_hash|            |      
                      |     +------------+                         +------------+             |      
                      \---->| mnt_list   |<--   ......   -->| mnt_list   |<---- --- /      
                               +------------+                     +------------+            
                             |mnt_mounts|                  |mnt_mounts|            
                               +------------+                     +------------+            
                             | mnt_child                     | mnt_child            
                             +------------+                         +------------+            
                               |                                                             

   
                                                                            
        图(1)


同时,对于所有的vfsmount,都存在于 一个hash table中,他们通过一个 hash 数组组织在一起:


                                                                       
                                                                       
                                     +---------------+----------------+-----------------+-------    
 mount_hashtable | list_head_0 | list_head_1 | list_head_2  |......     
                                    +---/---\-------+----------------+------------------+-------    
                                                                                       
                                                                                       
                                                                                       
                                                                                       
                                                                                       
                                          |                                               
                                                                                        
                                          |                                               
                         /-------------/   \-------------------------------------------\               
                         |                                                                                |               
                         |                                                                              |               
                                                                                                      |               
                         |      vfsmount                 vfsmount                                    
                         |        +-------------+                +-------------+                        
                         \--->| mnt_hash |<--- ... --->| mnt_hash |<------/               
                                 +--------------+                +--------------+                       
                                  |    mnt_list |                 |     mnt_list|                       
                                  +--------------+               +--------------+                       
                                   |                   |                                                       
                                   +--------------+                +--------------+                       
                                    |                   |                                            
  
                                                                       
      图(2)


对于mount的文件系统,会有在一个文件系统上 mount 另外一个文件系统的情况,这种情况,可以称原文件系统为 父vfsmount,对于mount上的文件系统,称之位子文件系统。
他们的关系如下:

                                            
                                         vfsmount   
                                       +------------+
                                      | mnt_hash   |
                                      +------------+
                                       | mnt_list      |                             
                                       +----------------+                           
       /--------------------->| mnt_mounts |<------------------\ 
                                      +------------+                              | 
                                   | mnt_child                             
                                      +------------+                              
                                     |                                                | 
                                                                                          | 
                                                                                         | 
                                                                                         | 
                                                                                         | 
             vfsmount                                   vfsmount        
          +------------+                                 +------------+     
          | mnt_hash                         | mnt_hash      
          +------------+                                 +------------+     
          | mnt_list                                 | mnt_list      
          +------------+                                 +------------+     
          | mnt_mounts |                      | mnt_mounts |   
          +------------+                                 +------------+     
       |-----| mnt_child  |<-----  ......  ------| mnt_child  |<--/ 
          +------------+                                +------------+        
                                                                      |
        图(3)

                                                               

下面我以一个例子来说明:
例如我们要mount一个设备 /dev/hdb1 到 /home/xpl 目录下
我们假设 /home/xpl 就是当前进程的根文件系统中的目录(即 home 和 xpl 都没有mount任何文件系统),

我们mount的时候,传入的参数有三个: 要mount的设备( /dev/hdb1 ) , 设备的文件系统 ( ext2 之类的), mount到什么目录 ( /home/xpl )

首先,我们要根据要mount的目录的路径名( 我们传入的只是路径名称的字符串),来找到mount的目录 disk 的dentry (即 mountpoint )
这个查找过程如下所示:
1. 首先确定查找路径的起始目录,要么是根目录,要么是当前目录。
 如果是根目录,则根目录的 dentry 和 vfsmount 的信息在: current->fs->root 和 current->fs->rootmnt
 如果是当前目录,则当前目录的 dentry 和 vfsmount 的信息在:current->fs->pwd 和 current->fs->pwdmnt
2. 然后,从路径的起始目录开始逐级的往下找。
 对于我们的例子,我们首先要查找根目录下的 home 目录( 就是要找到 home 目录的 dentry 和 vfsmount 对象)
 1) 首先在 hashtable 中查找,就是在上面的图(2)中的链表中找。
 2) 如果这个目录没有在 hashtable 中,则需要到磁盘上(我们假设根文件系统是在一个磁盘上,如果不是,就是去根文件系统对应的存储介质中查找)去查找
   这通过调用 根目录的 inode 的 lookup 方法来查找。
   通过根目录的 dentry->d_inode 得到根目录的inode,然后调用 inode->i_ops->lookup 方法,将要查找目录的名称作为参数传递进去。

3. 找到了第一个目录,下面的过程就是简单的递归了,最后,找到 目录 xpl 的 dentry 和 vfsmount

 

 

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