SpringMVC的基本使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-06 10:37:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-06 10:37:06 发布

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分类专栏： SSM 文章标签： servlet java spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lkx021699/article/details/125414441

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1、SpringMVC是什么

SpringMVC相当于是对Servlet进行了一次封装，原来使用Servlet的时候，代码相对来说比较繁琐，
而SpringMVC对Servlet中几乎所有的功能都进行了封装，我们在做开发的时候只需要关心自己的业务逻辑，而不用去过多的写一些冗余的代码，这个就是SpringMVC的功劳

2、SpringMVC能干什么

请求参数的自动封装
简化了文件的上传和下载
新增了拦截器和过滤器的功能
对接受数据和返回数据进行了封装
对日期类型数据的接受内置了转换器

3、SpringMVC的第一个HelloWorld程序

3.1、导包

<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--配置fastjson
            解析json和封装这个json的
        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.47</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


        <!--Spring和SpringMVC的相关的包了-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

3.2、编写Controller

public class UserController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //这里就是返回数据的地方  接受请求的地方

        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("/bobo.jsp");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

3.3、在WEB-INF目录下编写一个配置文件(核心Servlet的名字-servlet.xml)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd">

    <!--配置的是SpringMVC
        id后面的值 就是请求路径
    -->
    <bean id="/user.action" class="com.qf.controller1.UserController"></bean>
</beans>

3.4、编写web.xml文件(配置核心的Servlet)

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  
  <!--配置SpringMVC-->

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

拓展解决配置文件路径的问题

1、将配置文件放到resources目录下

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2、在web.xml中告诉他这个配置文件所在的路径

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4、SpringMVC的第二个HelloWorld程序

4.1、首先是在resources下创建一个spring-mvc.xml的文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd">

    <!--开启注解扫描  SpirngMVC中的注解-->

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf.controller1"></context:component-scan>
    <!--使能注解-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

4.2、编写Controller

@Controller       //这个表示的是当前的类 是一个控制器
@RequestMapping("/depts")   //相当于给下面的每个路径都设置了访问的前缀
public class DeptController {
    /**
     *
     * /aa.action
     *
     * aa
     *
     * /aa
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/aa")
    public String aa(){
        System.out.println("小波波倒刺一游");
        return "/bobo.jsp";
    }
}

4.3、编写配置文件(web.xml)

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--配置SpringMVC-->

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--这里就是用来解决配置文件的路径的问题-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>