过滤器的使用

1、简介

需要统一处理一些请求或者相应的操作
过滤器：filter
过滤器本质上就是一个servlet，本身就是一个特殊的servlet。

2、创建过滤器

写一个类，实现Filter,接口，实现Filter中的三个方法

• init
• doFilter
• destroy
  
  
  MyFilter 类

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
//@WebFilter("/*")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
    
	/**
	 * 初始化方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("只会触发一次，而且是第一次");

	}
	
	

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
	         System.out.println("请求之前我们需要做的，过滤在进入servlet之前");  //客户端请求到服务端请求的时候
             //继续放行
	         chain.doFilter(req, resp);//正常情况下，这个方法一定要写，不然相当于把客户端请求打回去了，使不能进入servlet
	         
	         System.out.println("请求响应后的操作");//服务端--客户端
	}

	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
           System.out.println("只会触发一次，服务器停止运行时销毁资源");
	}
	

}

MyServlet类

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/us","/ua"},initParams = {
		@WebInitParam(name="age",value = "16"),
		@WebInitParam(name="gender",value = "男")
})
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    	this.doGet(req, resp);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    	System.out.println("Hellow world");
    }
}

如果在doFilter()方法中不加放行的效果
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
访问不到servlet

3、过滤器的配置

和servlet保持相同
Filter配置文件

<filter>
         <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
         <filter-class>com.oplab.servlet.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  
  <filter-mapping>
          <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
          <!-- /*表示拦截所有请求 -->
          <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

Filter的注解

@WebFilter("/*")

web.xml配置初始化参数（有参数建议使用这个）

<servlet>
      <servlet-name>Myservlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.oplab.servlet.filter.MyServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
            <param-name>age</param-name>
            <param-value>16</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <init-param>
            <param-name>gender</param-name>
            <param-value>男</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Myservlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/ma</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

注解配置初始化参数

 @WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/us","/ua"},initParams = {
		@WebInitParam(name="age",value = "16"),
		@WebInitParam(name="gender",value = "男")
})

4、Filter的使用场景

1. 权限过滤
2. 编码过滤
3. 认证过滤
4. …
   如果需要对一系列请求需要操作的时候，建议使用filter统一操作
   通用过滤器post请求中文乱码问题

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
    private String encoding;
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		encoding=fConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
		if(encoding==null||"".equals(encoding.trim())) {
			encoding="utf-8";
		}
	}
	
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		//将请求头响应的编码默认设置
		request.setCharacterEncoding("encoding");
		response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
		//response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
	}

	public void destroy() {
		
	}
}

配置文件

<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.oplab.servlet.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
      <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>   
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>