在项目中,我们经常遇到或用到分页,那么在大数据量(百万级以上)下,哪种分页算法效率最优呢?我们不妨用事实说话。
测试环境
硬件:CPU 酷睿双核T5750 内存:2G
软件:Windows server 2003 + Sql server 2005
OK,我们首先创建一数据库:data_Test,并在此数据库中创建一表:tb_TestTable
- create database data_Test --创建数据库data_Test
- GO
- use data_Test
- GO
- create table tb_TestTable --创建表
- (
- id int identity(1,1) primary key,
- userName nvarchar(20) not null,
- userPWD nvarchar(20) not null,
- userEmail nvarchar(40) null
- )
- GO
然后我们在数据表中插入2000000条数据:
- --插入数据
- set identity_insert tb_TestTable on
- declare @count int
- set @count=1
- while @count<=2000000
- begin
- insert into tb_TestTable(id,userName,userPWD,userEmail) values(@count,'admin','admin888','lli0077@yahoo.com.cn')
- set @count=@count+1
- end
- set identity_insert tb_TestTable off
我首先写了五个常用存储过程:
1,利用select top 和select not in进行分页,具体代码如下:
- create procedure proc_paged_with_notin --利用select top and select not in
- (
- @pageIndex int, --页索引
- @pageSize int --每页记录数
- )
- as
- begin
- set nocount on;
- declare @timediff datetime --耗时
- declare @sql nvarchar(500)
- select @timediff=Getdate()
- set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_TestTable where(ID not in(select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id from tb_TestTable order by ID ASC)) order by ID'
- execute(@sql) --因select top后不支技直接接参数,所以写成了字符串@sql
- select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时
- set nocount off;
- end
2,利用select top 和 select max(列键)
- create procedure proc_paged_with_selectMax --利用select top and select max(列)
- (
- @pageIndex int, --页索引
- @pageSize int --页记录数
- )
- as
- begin
- set nocount on;
- declare @timediff datetime
- declare @sql nvarchar(500)
- select @timediff=Getdate()
- set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * From tb_TestTable where(ID>(select max(id) From (select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id From tb_TestTable order by ID) as TempTable)) order by ID'
- execute(@sql)
- select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时
- set nocount off;
- end
3,利用select top和中间变量--此方法因网上有人说效果最佳,所以贴出来一同测试
- create procedure proc_paged_with_Midvar --利用ID>最大ID值和中间变量
- (
- @pageIndex int,
- @pageSize int
- )
- as
- declare @count int
- declare @ID int
- declare @timediff datetime
- declare @sql nvarchar(500)
- begin
- set nocount on;
- select @count=0,@ID=0,@timediff=getdate()
- select @count=@count+1,@ID=case when @count<=@pageSize*@pageIndex then ID else @ID end from tb_testTable order by id
- set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_testTable where ID>'+str(@ID)
- execute(@sql)
- select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时
- set nocount off;
- end
4,利用Row_number() 此方法为SQL server 2005中新的方法,利用Row_number()给数据行加上索引
- create procedure proc_paged_with_Rownumber --利用SQL 2005中的Row_number()
- (
- @pageIndex int,
- @pageSize int
- )
- as
- declare @timediff datetime
- begin
- set nocount on;
- select @timediff=getdate()
- select * from (select *,Row_number() over(order by ID asc) as IDRank from tb_testTable) as IDWithRowNumber where IDRank>@pageSize*@pageIndex and IDRank<@pageSize*(@pageIndex+1)
- select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时
- set nocount off;
- end
5,利用临时表及Row_number
- create procedure proc_CTE --利用临时表及Row_number
- (
- @pageIndex int, --页索引
- @pageSize int --页记录数
- )
- as
- set nocount on;
- declare @ctestr nvarchar(400)
- declare @strSql nvarchar(400)
- declare @datediff datetime
- begin
- select @datediff=GetDate()
- set @ctestr='with Table_CTE as
- (select ceiling((Row_number() over(order by ID ASC))/'+str(@pageSize)+') as page_num,* from tb_TestTable)';
- set @strSql=@ctestr+' select * From Table_CTE where page_num='+str(@pageIndex)
- end
- begin
- execute sp_executesql @strSql
- select datediff(ms,@datediff,GetDate())
- set nocount off;
- end
OK,至此,存储过程创建完毕,我们分别在每页10条数据的情况下在第2页,第1000页,第10000页,第100000页,第199999页进行测试,耗时单位:ms 每页测试5次取其平均值
存过 | 第2页耗时 | 第1000页耗时 | 第10000页耗时 | 第100000页耗时 | 第199999页耗时 | 效率排行 |
1用not in | 0ms | 16ms | 47ms | 475ms | 953ms | 3 |
2用select max | 5ms | 16ms | 35ms | 325ms | 623ms | 1 |
3中间变量 | 966ms | 970ms | 960ms | 945ms | 933ms | 5 |
4row_number | 0ms | 0ms | 34ms | 365ms | 710ms | 2 |
4临时表 | 780ms | 796ms | 798ms | 780ms | 805ms | 4 |
测试结果显示:select max >row_number>not in>临时表>中间变量
于是我对效率最高的select max方法用2分法进行了扩展,代码取自互联网,我修改了ASC排序时取不到值的BUG,测试结果:
2分法 | 156ms | 156ms | 180ms | 470ms | 156ms | 1* |
从测试结果来看,使用2分法确实可以提高效率并使效率更为稳定,我又增加了第159999页的测试,用时仅296ms,效果相当的不错!
下面是2分法使用select max的代码,已相当完善。
- --/*-----存储过程 分页处理 孙伟 2005-03-28创建 -------*/
- --/*-----存储过程 分页处理 浪尘 2008-9-1修改----------*/
- --/*----- 对数据进行了2分处理使查询前半部分数据与查询后半部分数据性能相同 -------*/
- --/*-----存储过程 分页处理 孙伟 2005-12-13修改 修改数据分页方式为top max模式 性能有极大提高-------*/
- --/*-----缺点:相对之前的not in版本主键只能是整型字段,如主键为GUID类型请使用not in 模式的版本-------*/
- alter PROCEDURE proc_paged_2part_selectMax
- (
- @tblName nvarchar(200), ----要显示的表或多个表的连接
- @fldName nvarchar(500) = '*', ----要显示的字段列表
- @pageSize int = 10, ----每页显示的记录个数
- @page int = 1, ----要显示那一页的记录
- @fldSort nvarchar(200) = null, ----排序字段列表或条件
- @Sort bit = 0, ----排序方法,0为升序,1为降序(如果是多字段排列Sort指代最后一个排序字段的排列顺序(最后一个排序字段不加排序标记)--程序传参如:' SortA Asc,SortB Desc,SortC ')
- @strCondition nvarchar(1000) = null, ----查询条件,不需where
- @ID nvarchar(150), ----主表的主键
- @Dist bit = 0, ----是否添加查询字段的 DISTINCT 默认0不添加/1添加
- @pageCount int = 1 output, ----查询结果分页后的总页数
- @Counts int = 1 output ----查询到的记录数
- )
- AS
- SET NOCOUNT ON
- Declare @sqlTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放动态生成的SQL语句
- Declare @strTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询结果总数的查询语句
- Declare @strID nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询开头或结尾ID的查询语句
- Declare @strSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则A
- Declare @strFSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则B
- Declare @SqlSelect nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的查询进行SQL构造
- Declare @SqlCounts nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的总数查询进行SQL构造
- declare @timediff datetime --耗时测试时间差
- select @timediff=getdate()
- if @Dist = 0
- begin
- set @SqlSelect = 'select '
- set @SqlCounts = 'Count(*)'
- end
- else
- begin
- set @SqlSelect = 'select distinct '
- set @SqlCounts = 'Count(DISTINCT '+@ID+')'
- end
- if @Sort=0
- begin
- set @strFSortType=' ASC '
- set @strSortType=' DESC '
- end
- else
- begin
- set @strFSortType=' DESC '
- set @strSortType=' ASC '
- end
- --------生成查询语句--------
- --此处@strTmp为取得查询结果数量的语句
- if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件
- begin
- set @sqlTmp = @fldName + ' From ' + @tblName
- set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName
- set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName
- end
- else
- begin
- set @sqlTmp = + @fldName + 'From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition
- set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition
- set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition
- end
- ----取得查询结果总数量-----
- exec sp_executesql @strTmp,N'@Counts int out ',@Counts out
- declare @tmpCounts int
- if @Counts = 0
- set @tmpCounts = 1
- else
- set @tmpCounts = @Counts
- --取得分页总数
- set @pageCount=(@tmpCounts+@pageSize-1)/@pageSize
- /**//**当前页大于总页数 取最后一页**/
- if @page>@pageCount
- set @page=@pageCount
- --/*-----数据分页2分处理-------*/
- declare @pageIndex int --总数/页大小
- declare @lastcount int --总数%页大小
- set @pageIndex = @tmpCounts/@pageSize
- set @lastcount = @tmpCounts%@pageSize
- if @lastcount > 0
- set @pageIndex = @pageIndex + 1
- else
- set @lastcount = @pagesize
- --//***显示分页
- if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件
- begin
- if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理
- begin
- if @page=1
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- else
- begin
- if @Sort=1
- begin
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- else
- begin
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- end
- end
- else
- begin
- set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理
- if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- else
- if @Sort=1
- begin
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- else
- begin
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
- +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- end
- end
- else --有查询条件
- begin
- if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理
- begin
- if @page=1
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where 1=1 ' + @strCondition + ' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- else if(@Sort=1)
- begin
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
- +' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- else
- begin
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)'
- +' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- end
- else
- begin
- set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理
- if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- else if(@Sort=1)
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
- +' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- else
- set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName
- +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName
- +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)'
- +' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType
- end
- end
- ------返回查询结果-----
- exec sp_executesql @strTmp
- select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时
- --print @strTmp
- SET NOCOUNT OFF
- GO
执行示例:exec proc_paged_2part_selectMax 'tb_testTable','ID,userName,userPWD,userEmail',10,100000,'ID',0,null,'ID',0
这种测试只在单机进行,并且没有在实际开发WEB项目中分页测试,测试项也比较单一,所以不够全面系统,但从其效率相比上,我们可以在数据库分页算法上进行有效的控制。