Spring MVC 环境搭建

Spring MVC 环境搭建

创建web项目

pom.xml添加坐标

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.xxxx</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring mvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- web servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 编译环境插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- jetty插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>9.4.27.v20200227</version>
                <configuration>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <!-- 设置端口 -->
                    <httpConnector>
                        <port>8080</port>
                    </httpConnector>
                    <!-- 设置项目路径 -->
                    <webAppConfig>
                        <contextPath>/springmvc</contextPath>
                    </webAppConfig>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

配置 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> 
    
    <!-- 编码过滤 utf-8 -->
    <filter>
        <description>char encoding filter</description>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern> /* </url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- servlet请求分发器:中央控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:servlet-context.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
      <!-- 表示启动容器时初始化该Servlet -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
        <!-- 这是拦截请求， "/"代表拦截所有请求，"*.do"拦截所有.do请求 -->
		<!-- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> -->
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

要想启动我们的 SpringMVC 环境，目前对于 mvc 框架的配置还未进行。以上在 web.xml 中引用了servlet-context.xml 文件。

servlet-context.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启扫描器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxxx.springmvc.controller"/>

    <!-- 使用默认的 Servlet 来响应静态文件 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 开启注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀：在WEB-INF目录下的jsp目录下 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!-- 后缀：以.jsp结尾的资源 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

页面控制器的编写

package com.xxxx.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;



@Controller
public class Hello {

    /**
     * 通过@RequestMapping绑定访问的url
     *      匹配路径是hello.do的url（web.xml中拦截的设置）
     *      http://localhost:8080/springmvc/hello.do
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public ModelAndView hello(){

        //得到ModelAndView对象
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();

        //设置数据模型
        modelAndView.addObject("hello","Hello SpringMVC");

        //设置视图名称
        modelAndView.setViewName("hello");//会去查找一个视图名称叫做hello的jsp页面

        //返回视图模型
        return modelAndView;

    }

}

添加视图页面

在 WEB-INF 下新建 jsp 文件夹 ，并在文件夹下新建 hello.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: lihaha
  Date: 2021/11/6
  Time: 14:17
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- el表达式接收参数值 -->
    <%--获取数据模型--%>
    ${hello}
</body>
</html>

启动 jetty 服务器

访问地址

http://localhost:8080/springmvc01/hello.do

 

至此，springmvc 环境搭建完毕。