问题描述
将MarkDown转PDF
本文比较麻烦，还可以尝试 Pandoc
解决方案
- 使用 Typora
- 结合 wkhtmltopdf 使用
markdown库 和pdfkit库
1. 安装 mdutils
pip install markdown
pip install pdfkit
2. 安装 wkhtmltopdf
添加到环境变量 Path 中（可使用绝对路径）
3. 代码
test.md 参考：
import pdfkit
from markdown import markdown
input_filename = 'test.md'
output_filename = 'test.pdf'
with open(input_filename, encoding='utf-8') as f:
text = f.read()
html = markdown(text, output_format='html') # MarkDown转HTML
pdfkit.from_string(html, output_filename, options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
# wkhtmltopdf = r'C:\Program Files\wkhtmltopdf\bin\wkhtmltopdf.exe' # 指定wkhtmltopdf
# configuration = pdfkit.configuration(wkhtmltopdf=wkhtmltopdf)
# pdfkit.from_string(html, output_filename, configuration=configuration, options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
若没有配置环境变量，使用注释里的代码
4. 效果
- 不支持标注
- 不支持表格
- 不支持LaTeX
- 不支持代码块
- 不支持流程图、序列图、甘特图
引入更多扩展
test.md
|项目|价格|数量|
|---|---|---|
|计算机|$1600|5|
|手机|$12|12|
|管线|$1|234|
无法正确渲染
引入扩展 tables
import pdfkit
from markdown import markdown
text = '''|项目|价格|数量|
|---|---|---|
|计算机|$1600|5|
|手机|$12|12|
|管线|$1|234|'''
html = markdown(text, output_format='html', extensions=['tables']) # MarkDown转HTML
pdfkit.from_string(html, 'test.pdf', options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
详细阅读：Available Extensions
引入数学包
- HTML 引入 KaTeX
markdown库启用mdx_math
安装
pip install python-markdown-math
import pdfkit
from markdown import markdown
input_filename = 'test.md'
output_filename = 'test.pdf'
html = '<!DOCTYPE html><body><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex/dist/katex.min.css" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex/dist/katex.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex/dist/contrib/mathtex-script-type.min.js" defer></script>{}</body></html>'
text = '$$E=mc^2$$'
text = markdown(text, output_format='html', extensions=['mdx_math']) # MarkDown转HTML
html = html.format(text)
pdfkit.from_string(html, output_filename, options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
详细阅读：第三方扩展
网页转PDF
生成HTML代码效果不完美，可以使用作业部落的导出HTML功能，再转PDF
import pdfkit
pdfkit.from_file('test.html', 'test.pdf', options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
封装
- 安装库
pip install python-markdown-math
pip install pygments
pip install pymdown-extensions
- 下载CSS
- github-markdown.css 改名为
markdown.css - codehilite.css 生成命令
pygmentize -S default -f html -a .highlight > codehilite.css - linenum.css
[data-linenos]:before {
content: attr(data-linenos);
}
- tasklist.css
.markdown-body .task-list-item {
list-style-type: none !important;
}
.markdown-body .task-list-item input[type="checkbox"] {
margin: 0 4px 0.25em -20px;
vertical-align: middle;
}
代码
import os
import pdfkit
from markdown import markdown
from pymdownx import superfences
def markdown2pdf(input, output='test.pdf', encoding='utf-8', savehtml=False):
html = '''
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui">
<title>{}</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="linenum.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="markdown.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="tasklist.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="codehilite.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex/dist/katex.min.css" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://unpkg.com/mermaid@8.7.0/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex/dist/katex.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex/dist/contrib/mathtex-script-type.min.js" defer></script>
</head>
<body>
<article class="markdown-body">
{}
</article>
</body>
</html>
'''
with open(input, encoding=encoding) as f:
text = f.read()
extensions = [
'toc', # 目录，[toc]
'extra', # 缩写词、属性列表、释义列表、围栏式代码块、脚注、在HTML的Markdown、表格
]
third_party_extensions = [
'mdx_math', # KaTeX数学公式，$E=mc^2$和$$E=mc^2$$
'markdown_checklist.extension', # checklist，- [ ]和- [x]
'pymdownx.magiclink', # 自动转超链接，
'pymdownx.caret', # 上标下标，
'pymdownx.superfences', # 多种块功能允许嵌套，各种图表
'pymdownx.betterem', # 改善强调的处理(粗体和斜体)
'pymdownx.mark', # 亮色突出文本
'pymdownx.highlight', # 高亮显示代码
'pymdownx.tasklist', # 任务列表
'pymdownx.tilde', # 删除线
]
extensions.extend(third_party_extensions)
extension_configs = {
'mdx_math': {
'enable_dollar_delimiter': True # 允许单个$
},
'pymdownx.superfences': {
"custom_fences": [
{
'name': 'mermaid', # 开启流程图等图
'class': 'mermaid',
'format': superfences.fence_div_format
}
]
},
'pymdownx.highlight': {
'linenums': True, # 显示行号
'linenums_style': 'pymdownx-inline' # 代码和行号分开
},
'pymdownx.tasklist': {
'clickable_checkbox': True, # 任务列表可点击
}
} # 扩展配置
title = '.'.join(os.path.basename(input).split('.')[:-1])
text = markdown(text, output_format='html', extensions=extensions,
extension_configs=extension_configs) # MarkDown转HTML
html = html.format(title, text)
print(html)
if savehtml:
with open(input.replace('.md', '.html'), 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
f.write(html)
pdfkit.from_string(html, output, options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
if __name__ == '__main__':
markdown2pdf('test.md', 'test.pdf', savehtml=True)
print('完成')
效果看文末
PS：
- 缺什么找对应扩展即可，若无可自行编写。
- 原理为MarkDown转HTML转PDF，pdfkit效果并不好，所以效果也有限。
- 可使用 Adobe Acrobat Pro 转换，但流程图等转换依旧不完美。
额外
这部分非通用MarkDown
代码行号
linenum.md
```python
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Hello World!')
```
```python
import math
print(math.pi) # 圆周率
```
linenum.css
[data-linenos]:before {
content: attr(data-linenos);
}
linenum.py
from markdown import markdown
filename = 'linenum.md'
html = '''
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui">
<title>linenum</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="codehilite.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="linenum.css">
</head>
<body>
<article class="markdown-body">
{}
</article>
</body>
</html>
'''
encoding = 'utf-8'
with open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:
text = f.read()
extensions = [
'pymdownx.superfences', # 多种块功能允许嵌套，各种图表
'pymdownx.highlight' # 高亮显示代码
]
extension_configs = {
'pymdownx.highlight': {
'linenums': True, # 显示行号
'linenums_style': 'pymdownx-inline' # 代码和行号分开
}
} # 扩展配置
text = markdown(text, output_format='html', extensions=extensions, extension_configs=extension_configs) # MarkDown转HTML
html = html.format(text)
print(html)
with open(filename.replace('.md', '.html'), 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
f.write(html)
# pdfkit.from_string(html, output, options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
print('完成')
效果
这样直接复制代码不会带有行号
进度条
progressbar.css
.progress-label {
position: absolute;
text-align: center;
font-weight: 700;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
line-height: 1.2rem;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
}
.progress-bar {
height: 1.2rem;
float: left;
background-color: #2979ff;
}
.progress {
display: block;
width: 100%;
margin: 0.5rem 0;
height: 1.2rem;
background-color: #eeeeee;
position: relative;
}
.progress.thin {
margin-top: 0.9rem;
height: 0.4rem;
}
.progress.thin .progress-label {
margin-top: -0.4rem;
}
.progress.thin .progress-bar {
height: 0.4rem;
}
.progress-100plus .progress-bar {
background-color: #00e676;
}
.progress-80plus .progress-bar {
background-color: #fbc02d;
}
.progress-60plus .progress-bar {
background-color: #ff9100;
}
.progress-40plus .progress-bar {
background-color: #ff5252;
}
.progress-20plus .progress-bar {
background-color: #ff1744;
}
.progress-0plus .progress-bar {
background-color: #f50057;
}
progressbar.py
from markdown import markdown
filename = 'progressbar.md'
html = '''
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui">
<title>progressbar</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="progressbar.css">
</head>
<body>
{}
</body>
</html>
'''
encoding = 'utf-8'
with open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f:
text = f.read()
extensions = [
'markdown.extensions.attr_list',
'pymdownx.progressbar'
]
text = markdown(text, output_format='html', extensions=extensions) # MarkDown转HTML
html = html.format(text)
print(html)
with open(filename.replace('.md', '.html'), 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
f.write(html)
# pdfkit.from_string(html, output, options={'encoding': 'utf-8'}) # HTML转PDF
print('完成')
progressbar.md
[=0% "0%"]
[=5% "5%"]
[=25% "25%"]
[=45% "45%"]
[=65% "65%"]
[=85% "85%"]
[=100% "100%"]
[=85% "85%"]{: .candystripe}
[=100% "100%"]{: .candystripe .candystripe-animate}
[=0%]{: .thin}
[=5%]{: .thin}
[=25%]{: .thin}
[=45%]{: .thin}
[=65%]{: .thin}
[=85%]{: .thin}
[=100%]{: .thin}
效果
参考文献
- Markdown Guide
- python 将markdown转换为pdf
- wkhtmltopdf: Convert HTML to PDF using Webkit (QtWebKit)
- python-pdfkit: Wkhtmltopdf python wrapper to convert html to pdf
- Python-Markdown/markdown: A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown with Extension support.
- python-markdown2: markdown2: A fast and complete implementation of Markdown in Python
- python-markdown-math: Math extension for Python-Markdown
- markdown-checklist: Python Markdown extension for lists of tasks with checkboxes
- prependnewline: prepends a new line to a list if marked as a paragraph by the markdown
- pymdown-extensions: Extensions for Python Markdown
- github-markdown-css: The minimal amount of CSS to replicate the GitHub Markdown style
- pygments-css: css files created from pygment’s built-in styles
显示效果
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