组合模式(CompositePattern),又叫部分整体模式,是用于把一组相似的对象当作一个单一的对象。组合模式依据树形结构来组合对象,用来表示部分以及整体层次。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式,它创建了对象组的树形结构。
这种模式创建了一个包含自己对象组的类。该类提供了修改相同对象组的方式。
我们通过下面的实例来演示组合模式的用法。实例演示了一个组织中员工的层次结构。
优点:
1、高层模块调用简单。
2、节点自由增加。
缺点:
在使用组合模式时,其叶子和树枝的声明都是实现类,而不是接口,违反了依赖倒置原则。
应用:
部分、整体场景,如树形菜单,文件、文件夹的管理。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/692e4959b4e20555544378429889c17c.png)
实现代码
public class Employee {
private String name;
private String dept;
private int salary;
private List<Employee> subordinates;
// 构造函数
public Employee(String name, String dept, int sal) {
this.name = name;
this.dept = dept;
this.salary = sal;
subordinates = new ArrayList<Employee>();
}
public void add(Employee e) {
subordinates.add(e);
}
public void remove(Employee e) {
subordinates.remove(e);
}
public List<Employee> getSubordinates() {
return subordinates;
}
public String toString() {
return ("Employee :[ Name : " + name + ", dept : " + dept
+ ", salary :" + salary + " ]");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee CEO = new Employee("John", "CEO", 30000);
Employee headSales = new Employee("Robert", "Head Sales", 20000);
Employee headMarketing = new Employee("Michel", "Head Marketing", 20000);
Employee clerk1 = new Employee("Laura", "Marketing", 10000);
Employee clerk2 = new Employee("Bob", "Marketing", 10000);
Employee salesExecutive1 = new Employee("Richard", "Sales", 10000);
Employee salesExecutive2 = new Employee("Rob", "Sales", 10000);
CEO.add(headSales);
CEO.add(headMarketing);
headSales.add(salesExecutive1);
headSales.add(salesExecutive2);
headMarketing.add(clerk1);
headMarketing.add(clerk2);
// 打印该组织的所有员工
System.out.println("CEO==" + CEO);
for (Employee headEmployee : CEO.getSubordinates()) {
System.out.println("head==" + headEmployee);
for (Employee employee : headEmployee.getSubordinates()) {
System.out.println("employee==" + employee);
}
}
}