MySQL 8.0.11 字符集

字符集：是一套符号和编码
校对规则：是在字符集内用于比较字符的一套规则
字符集生效规则：Table继承于Database，Database继承于Server，就是说，可只设置character_set_server
校对规则生效规则：如果没有设置校对规则，字符集取默认校对规则，例如utf8mb4的校对规则是utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci

MySQL8.0字符集变化：

# 默认字符集改成了utf8mb4
(product)root@localhost [(none)]> show global variables like'%character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                          |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                                                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                                                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                                                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                                                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                                                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                           |
| character_sets_dir