操作系统自用2

OS Programme Lecture #2 Linux Bash Scripting Tutorial

1. Bash basics

$cd

$pwd

$date

$ls

$ls -l

$ls | sort

$ls -l > filelist.txt

$ls -l >> filelist.txt

$ls -l | wc -w

$ls filelist.txt | wc -w

$ls Documents

$ls Documents | wc -w

$cat

$cp

$rm

$mv

$wc //word count

$echo hello world!

$echo *

$echo **

$echo ***

$find *.sh

$seq 1 10

$seq 1 2 10

2. Bash 执行脚本文件

创建一个bash脚本文件:

$touch hello_world.sh

$vim hello_script.sh （进入编辑，按insert键编辑脚本，完成后shift+;退出，若要保存输入wq!回到控制台，若不保存，输入q!）

shebang，它告诉shell在执行脚本时使用哪个程序来解释脚本。

#!/bin/bash — Execute the file using bash

#!/bin/sh — Execute the file using sh, the Bourne shell, or a compatible shell

#!/bin/csh — Execute the file using csh, the C shell, or a compatible shell

#!/usr/bin/perl -T — Execute using Perl with the option for taint checks

#!/usr/bin/php — Execute the file using the PHP command line interpreter

#!/usr/bin/python -O — Execute using Python with optimizations to code

#!/usr/bin/ruby — Execute using Ruby

执行bash脚本，有以下方式：

第一种

$bash hello_world.sh

$sh hello_world.sh

第二种：设置可执行权限，使用chmod +x或者chmod u+x

u stands for user.

g stands for group.

o stands for others.

a stands for all.

x stands for executable.

$chmod u+x hello_world2.sh

$./hello_world2.sh

3. Bash arithmetic

$expr whatever

$expr 1+2

$expr 1 + 2

$expr 1 - 2

$expr 1 * 2

$expr 1 "*" 2

$expr 2 "*" 2

$let x=666

$let y=334

$let z=$x+$y

$$z

$echo $z

$let w=$x/6

$echo $w

$let count=2

$echo $count

$count=$count+1

$echo $count

$a=10

$echo $a

$b=YES

$echo $b

4. Bash control structures

看脚本文件 if.sh, case.sh, while.sh, until.sh, for.sh, arguments.sh, functions.sh

-eq equal to

-ne not equal to

-lt less than

-le less or equal to

-gt greater than

-ge greater than or equal to

$chmod 755 if.sh

755 means full permissions.

注意：在脚本里，$# 代表 number of arguments passing to the script，$* 代表 all positional arguments.

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