ThreadLocal, 字面意义上就是本地Thread,然而,ThreadLocal并非Thread,而是Thread的局部变量,也许把它命名为ThreadLocalVariable更容易让人理解一些。
ThreadLocal用于存储一些线程相关的局部变量,使用非常方便,尤其是在一些已经成型的项目中增加新功能,需要从入口传递参数,并在后端取参处理的情景。
看一些技术书,浅显的提到ThreadLocal时,会比喻为ThreadLocal可以被理解为在JVM里面存着一个Map结构,key为Thread,值为用户存入的对象。这样理解可以帮助理解threadlocal的使用场景,但并不准确,其实Thread内部包含一个ThreadLocalMap结构,而ThreadLocal是一个工具类(个人定义,不一定准确),它负责初始化Thread的ThreadLocalMap(默认为null),并负责向ThreadLocalMap存入和读取数据,ThreadLocalMap存入数据的key正是ThreadLocal对象,也就是说同一个线程Thread可以拥有多个ThreadLocal,同时维护多个线程相关的数据。
ThreadLocal初始化:
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue(); //用户负责写入初始化值
Thread t = Thread.currentThread(); //取得当前线程
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t); //获取线程的ThreadLocalMap对象
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value); //如果已经初始化,则直接插入值, 可以为threadLocal类
else
createMap(t, value); //这里ThreadLocal初始化Thread.ThreadLocalMap,ThreadLocalMap默认为null
return value;
}
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
set方法:
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value); //调用ThreadLocalMap的set方法
else
createMap(t, value);
}
get方法:
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null)
return (T)e.value; //直接从Thread内部类ThreadLocalMap查找
}
return setInitialValue();
}
Thread内部类ThreadLocalMap:
ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal firstKey, Object firstValue) {
table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY]; //Entry为ThreadLocalMap内部类,为key,value键值对对象
int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue); //插入第一个值,键为threadlocal对象
size = 1;
setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);//初始化capacity
}
ThreadLocalMap类set方法:
private void set(ThreadLocal key, Object value) {
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
//遍历数组查找
for (Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal k = e.get();
if (k == key) { //如果已经存在,则覆盖值,即threadlocal多次set时只保存最新的值
e.value = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) { //不存在,则插入
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
int sz = ++size;
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold) //判断是否需要扩容
rehash(); //执行扩容(ThreadLocalMap内部table是数组结果)
}
一使用示例:
public class ThreadLocalUtil {
//ThreadLocalUtil内部如果定日多个ThreadLocal对象,则Thread内部的ThreadLocalMap中将包含多个元素
private static final ThreadLocal<ClientInfo> clientInfoThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<ClientInfo>(){
protected ClientInfo initialValue(){
ClientInfo clientInfo = new ClientInfo(); //自定义类
******
return clientInfo;
}
};
public static ClientInfo getClientinfo() {
return clientInfoThreadLocal.get();
}
public static void setClientinfo(ClientInfo clientInfo) {
clientInfoThreadLocal.set(clientInfo);
}
}