线程封闭:当并发访问/修改共享的数据时,通常需要使用同步来避免线程安全性问题,一种简单的方式就是使当前共享数据只能在当前线程内访问,这样就不需要同步。
实现线程封闭的方法主要有两种:
1.栈封闭:众所周知方法内的局部变量为当前线程私有,不回因为并发而出现问题,所以如果在可能的情况下尽可能使用局部变量。
2ThreadLocal封闭:ThreadLocal是Java为解决多线程提供的一种解决方案,其内部其实维护了一个ThreadLocalMap,key为线程名,value为我们要维护的变量
下面我们看一下ThreadLocal中关于set(T)的源码:
public void set(T paramT)
{
Thread localThread = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap localThreadLocalMap = getMap(localThread);
if (localThreadLocalMap != null)
localThreadLocalMap.set(this, paramT);
else
createMap(localThread, paramT);
}
用过集合类的同学是不是感觉一目了然,再看一下ThreadLocalMap的set实现:
private void set(ThreadLocal paramThreadLocal, Object paramObject)
{
Entry[] arrayOfEntry = this.table;
int i = arrayOfEntry.length;
int j = paramThreadLocal.threadLocalHashCode & i - 1;
for (Entry localEntry = arrayOfEntry[j];
localEntry != null;
localEntry = arrayOfEntry[(j = nextIndex(j, i))]) {
ThreadLocal localThreadLocal = (ThreadLocal)localEntry.get();
if (localThreadLocal == paramThreadLocal) {
localEntry.value = paramObject;
return;
}
if (localThreadLocal == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(paramThreadLocal, paramObject, j);
return;
}
}
arrayOfEntry[j] = new Entry(paramThreadLocal, paramObject);
int k = ++this.size;
if ((!cleanSomeSlots(j, k)) && (k >= this.threshold))
rehash();
}
下面我们来看看ThreadLocal是如何处理对线程的引用,如果一直保持着对线程的引用,导致线程对象不能被GC,很可能会内存溢出的
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal>
{
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal paramThreadLocal, Object paramObject)
{
super();
this.value = paramObject;
}
}
当线程对象只被弱引用依赖时,那么GC会立刻回收这个对象,这就是弱引用的好处!他可以在你对对象结构和拓扑不是很清晰的情况下,帮助你合理的释放对象,造成不必要的内存泄漏
下面来看一个例子:
package test;
public class ThreadLocalTest {
private static class ThreadTest implements Runnable {
private final Person person;
public ThreadTest(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
person.setName(person.getName()+i);
System.out.println("当前线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" Person's name:" + person.getName());
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadTest(person));
Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadTest(person));
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
class Person {
private final ThreadLocal<String> name = new ThreadLocal<String>(){
@Override
protected String initialValue() {
return "张三";
}
};
public String getName() {
return name.get();
}
public void setName(String nam) {
name.set(nam);
}
}
再看看ThreadLocal的get方法,什么时候会调用initialValue
public T get()
{
Thread localThread = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap localThreadLocalMap = getMap(localThread);
if (localThreadLocalMap != null) {
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap.Entry localEntry = localThreadLocalMap.getEntry(this);
if (localEntry != null)
return localEntry.value;
}
return setInitialValue();
}
可以看出ThreadLocal为我们解决多线程编程提供了一种非常好的思路