spring boot thymeleaf的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-24 09:09:13 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-24 09:09:13 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA相关文章标签：模版 thymeleaf spring

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thymeleaf用法详解

1. Thymeleaf简介à摘自官网

Thymeleaf是面向Web和独立环境的现代服务器端Java模板引擎，能够处理HTML，XML，JavaScript，CSS甚至纯文本。

Thymeleaf的主要目标是提供一个优雅和高度可维护的创建模板的方式。为了实现这一点，它建立在自然模板的概念上，将其逻辑注入到模板文件中，不会影响模板被用作设计原型。这改善了设计的沟通，弥合了设计和开发团队之间的差距。

Thymeleaf也从一开始就设计了Web标准 -特别是HTML5 -允许您创建完全验证的模板

2. Thymeleaf支持的模版

开箱即用的Thymeleaf可让您处理六种模板，每种模板称为模板模式：

有两种标记模板模式（HTML和XML），三个文本模板模式（TEXT，JAVASCRIPT和CSS）和无操作模板模式（RAW）

· HTML

· XML

· TEXT

· JAVASCRIPT

· CSS

· RAW

3. Thymeleaf优点

浏览器不仅可以正确显示这些信息，而且还可以（可选地）在浏览器中静态打开原型时显示的值（可选地）指定一个值属性（在这种情况下为“JamesCarrot”），将由${user.name}模板处理过程中的评估结果代替。

这有助于您的设计师和开发人员处理相同的模板文件，并减少将静态原型转换为工作模板文件所需的工作量。这样做的功能是称为自然模板的功能

4. Thymeleaf使用详解

4.1 读取外部属性文件中的文本，官网称之为：外部化文本

Thymeleaf中的外部化文本的位置是完全可配置的，它将取决于org.thymeleaf.messageresolver.IMessageResolver所使用的具体实现。通常，.properties将使用基于文件的实现，但是如果我们想要从数据库获取消息，我们可以创建自己的实现，标准消息解析器org.thymeleaf.messageresolver.StandardMessageResolver

标准消息解析器希望classpath:/templates/home.html在同一文件夹中的属性文件中找到与模板相同名称的消息，如：

classpath:/templates/home_en.properties 英文文本。

classpath:/templates/home_es.properties 用于西班牙语文本。

classpath:/templates/home_pt_BR.properties 用于葡萄牙语（巴西）语言文本。

classpath:/templates/home.properties 对于默认文本（如果语言环境不匹配）。

而我们采用的是springboot，spring采用的默认区域解析器是AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver，根据requestheader中的accept-language值来解析locale，并且是不可变的。那么想要实现国际化，就要使用SessionLocaleResolver或者CookieLocaleResolver。正如类的名字所示，是按session或cookie中储存的locale值来解析locale。

4.2 标准表达式语法介绍

· 简单表达式：

o 可变表达式： ${...}

o 选择变量表达式： *{...}

o 消息表达式： #{...}

o 链接网址表达式： @{...}

o 片段表达式： ~{...}

· 字面

o 文本文字：'one text'，'Another one!'，...

o 号码文字：0，34，3.0，12.3，...

o 布尔文字：true，false

o 空字面： null

o 文字标记：one，sometext，main，...

· 文字操作：

o 字符串连接： +

o 文字替代： |The nameis ${name}|

· 算术运算：

o 二元运算符：+，-，*，/，%

o 减号（一元运算符）： -

· 布尔运算：

o 二元运算符：and，or

o 布尔否定（一元运算符）： !，not

· 比较和平等：

o 比较：>，<，>=，<=（gt，lt，ge，le）

o 平等运营商：==，!=（eq，ne）

· 条件运算符：

o IF-THEN： (if) ?(then)

o IF-THEN-ELSE： (if) ?(then) : (else)

o 默认： (value) ?:(defaultvalue)

· 特殊令牌：

o 无操作： _

所有这些功能可以组合和嵌套：

'User is of type' + (${user.isAdmin()} ? 'Administrator' : (${user.type} ?: 'Unknown'))

4.3 表达式基本对象

· #ctx：上下文对象。

· #vars: 上下文变量。

· #locale：上下文区域设置。

· #request：（仅在Web上下文中）HttpServletRequest对象。

· #response：（仅在Web上下文中）HttpServletResponse对象。

· #session：（仅在Web上下文中）HttpSession对象。

· #servletContext：（仅在Web上下文中）ServletContext对象。

使用方式如下：

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.context.IContext
 * ======================================================================
 */

${#ctx.locale}
${#ctx.variableNames}

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.context.IWebContext
 * ======================================================================
 */

${#ctx.request}
${#ctx.response}
${#ctx.session}
${#ctx.servletContext}

${#locale}

/*
 *param：用于检索请求参数。${param.foo}是一个请求参数String[]的值foo，所以${param.foo[0]}通常用于获取第一个值
 * ============================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.context.WebRequestParamsVariablesMap
 * ============================================================================
 */

${param.foo}              // Retrieves a String[] with the values of request parameter 'foo'
${param.size()}
${param.isEmpty()}
${param.containsKey('foo')}

/*
 *会话：用于检索会话属性。
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.context.WebSessionVariablesMap
 * ======================================================================
 */

${session.foo}                 // Retrieves the session atttribute 'foo'
${session.size()}
${session.isEmpty()}
${session.containsKey('foo')}

/*
 *应用程序：用于检索应用程序/ servlet上下文属性。
 * =============================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.context.WebServletContextVariablesMap
 * =============================================================================
 */

${application.foo}              // Retrieves the ServletContext atttribute 'foo'
${application.size()}
${application.isEmpty()}
${application.containsKey('foo')}


/*
 *#request：直接访问javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest与当前请求相关联的对象。
 */
 
 ${#request.getAttribute('foo')}
${#request.getParameter('foo')}
${#request.getContextPath()}
${#request.getRequestName()}

/*
 *#session：直接访问javax.servlet.http.HttpSession与当前请求相关联的对象。
 *${#session.getAttribute('foo')}
 */
 
 ${#session.getAttribute('foo')}
${#session.id}
${#session.lastAccessedTime}

/*
 *#servletContext：直接访问javax.servlet.ServletContext与当前请求相关联的对象。
 */
 
 ${#servletContext.getAttribute('foo')}
${#servletContext.contextPath}

4.4 表达式内置对象

· #execInfo：有关正在处理的模板的信息。

· #messages：在变量表达式中获取外部化消息的方法，与使用＃{...}语法获得的方式相同。

· #uris：转义URL / URI部分的方法

· #conversions：执行配置的转换服务（如果有）的方法。

· #dates：java.util.Date对象的方法：格式化，组件提取等

· #calendars：类似于#dates但是java.util.Calendar对象。

· #numbers：用于格式化数字对象的方法。

· #strings：String对象的方法：contains，startsWith，prepending / appending等

· #objects：一般对象的方法。

· #bools：布尔评估的方法。

· #arrays：数组方法。

· #lists：列表的方法。

· #sets：集合的方法。

· #maps：地图方法。

· #aggregates：在数组或集合上创建聚合的方法。

· #ids：处理可能重复的id属性的方法（例如，作为迭代的结果）。

使用方式如下：

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.ExecutionInfo
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Return the name and mode of the 'leaf' template. This means the template
 * from where the events being processed were parsed. So if this piece of
 * code is not in the root template "A" but on a fragment being inserted
 * into "A" from another template called "B", this will return "B" as a
 * name, and B's mode as template mode.
 */
${#execInfo.templateName}
${#execInfo.templateMode}

/*
 * Return the name and mode of the 'root' template. This means the template
 * that the template engine was originally asked to process. So if this
 * piece of code is not in the root template "A" but on a fragment being
 * inserted into "A" from another template called "B", this will still 
 * return "A" and A's template mode.
 */
${#execInfo.processedTemplateName}
${#execInfo.processedTemplateMode}

/*
 *#execInfo：表达式对象，提供有关在Thymeleaf标准表达式中处理的模板的有用信息。
 * Return the stacks (actually, List
    
    
     
      or List
     
     
      
      ) of
 * templates being processed. The first element will be the 
 * 'processedTemplate' (the root one), the last one will be the 'leaf'
 * template, and in the middle all the fragments inserted in nested
 * manner to reach the leaf from the root will appear.
 */
${#execInfo.templateNames}
${#execInfo.templateModes}

/*
 * Return the stack of templates being processed similarly (and in the
 * same order) to 'templateNames' and 'templateModes', but returning
 * a List
      
      
       
        with the full template metadata.
 */
${#execInfo.templateStack}

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Messages
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Obtain externalized messages. Can receive a single key, a key plus arguments,
 * or an array/list/set of keys (in which case it will return an array/list/set of 
 * externalized messages).
 * If a message is not found, a default message (like '??msgKey??') is returned.
 */
${#messages.msg('msgKey')}
${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1)}
${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1, param2)}
${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1, param2, param3)}
${#messages.msgWithParams('msgKey', new Object[] {param1, param2, param3, param4})}
${#messages.arrayMsg(messageKeyArray)}
${#messages.listMsg(messageKeyList)}
${#messages.setMsg(messageKeySet)}

/*
 *#messages：用于在变量表达式中获取外部化消息的实用方法，与使用#{...}语法获得的方式相同。
 * Obtain externalized messages or null. Null is returned instead of a default
 * message if a message for the specified key is not found.
 */
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey')}
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1)}
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1, param2)}
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1, param2, param3)}
${#messages.msgOrNullWithParams('msgKey', new Object[] {param1, param2, param3, param4})}
${#messages.arrayMsgOrNull(messageKeyArray)}
${#messages.listMsgOrNull(messageKeyList)}
${#messages.setMsgOrNull(messageKeySet)}

/*
 *#uris：用于在Thymeleaf标准表达式中执行URI / URL操作（尤其是转义/取消转义）的实用程序对象。
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Uris
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Escape/Unescape as a URI/URL path
 */
${#uris.escapePath(uri)}
${#uris.escapePath(uri, encoding)}
${#uris.unescapePath(uri)}
${#uris.unescapePath(uri, encoding)}

/*
 * Escape/Unescape as a URI/URL path segment (between '/' symbols)
 */
${#uris.escapePathSegment(uri)}
${#uris.escapePathSegment(uri, encoding)}
${#uris.unescapePathSegment(uri)}
${#uris.unescapePathSegment(uri, encoding)}

/*
 * Escape/Unescape as a Fragment Identifier (#frag)
 */
${#uris.escapeFragmentId(uri)}
${#uris.escapeFragmentId(uri, encoding)}
${#uris.unescapeFragmentId(uri)}
${#uris.unescapeFragmentId(uri, encoding)}

/*
 * Escape/Unescape as a Query Parameter (?var=value)
 */
${#uris.escapeQueryParam(uri)}
${#uris.escapeQueryParam(uri, encoding)}
${#uris.unescapeQueryParam(uri)}
${#uris.unescapeQueryParam(uri, encoding)}

/*
 *#conversions：允许在模板任意位置执行转换服务的实用程序对象：
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Conversions
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Execute the desired conversion of the 'object' value into the
 * specified class.
 */
${#conversions.convert(object, 'java.util.TimeZone')}
${#conversions.convert(object, targetClass)}

/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Calendars
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Format calendar with the standard locale format
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#calendars.format(cal)}
${#calendars.arrayFormat(calArray)}
${#calendars.listFormat(calList)}
${#calendars.setFormat(calSet)}

/*
 * Format calendar with the ISO8601 format
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#calendars.formatISO(cal)}
${#calendars.arrayFormatISO(calArray)}
${#calendars.listFormatISO(calList)}
${#calendars.setFormatISO(calSet)}

/*
 * Format calendar with the specified pattern
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#calendars.format(cal, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#calendars.arrayFormat(calArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#calendars.listFormat(calList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#calendars.setFormat(calSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}

/*
 * Obtain calendar properties
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#calendars.day(date)}                // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc.
${#calendars.month(date)}              // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc.
${#calendars.monthName(date)}          // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc.
${#calendars.monthNameShort(date)}     // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc.
${#calendars.year(date)}               // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc.
${#calendars.dayOfWeek(date)}          // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc.
${#calendars.dayOfWeekName(date)}      // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc.
${#calendars.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc.
${#calendars.hour(date)}               // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc.
${#calendars.minute(date)}             // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc.
${#calendars.second(date)}             // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc.
${#calendars.millisecond(date)}        // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc.

/*
 * Create calendar (java.util.Calendar) objects from its components
 */
${#calendars.create(year,month,day)}
${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)}
${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)}
${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)}

${#calendars.createForTimeZone(year,month,day,timeZone)}
${#calendars.createForTimeZone(year,month,day,hour,minute,timeZone)}
${#calendars.createForTimeZone(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,timeZone)}
${#calendars.createForTimeZone(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond,timeZone)}

/*
 * Create a calendar (java.util.Calendar) object for the current date and time
 */
${#calendars.createNow()}

${#calendars.createNowForTimeZone()}

/*
 * Create a calendar (java.util.Calendar) object for the current date (time set to 00:00)
 */
${#calendars.createToday()}

${#calendars.createTodayForTimeZone()}

/*
 *#dates：java.util.Date对象的实用程序方法：
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Dates
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Format date with the standard locale format
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.format(date)}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray)}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList)}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet)}

/*
 * Format date with the ISO8601 format
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.formatISO(date)}
${#dates.arrayFormatISO(datesArray)}
${#dates.listFormatISO(datesList)}
${#dates.setFormatISO(datesSet)}

/*
 * Format date with the specified pattern
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.format(date, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}

/*
 * Obtain date properties
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#dates.day(date)}                    // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc.
${#dates.month(date)}                  // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc.
${#dates.monthName(date)}              // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc.
${#dates.monthNameShort(date)}         // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc.
${#dates.year(date)}                   // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeek(date)}              // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeekName(date)}          // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)}     // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc.
${#dates.hour(date)}                   // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc.
${#dates.minute(date)}                 // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc.
${#dates.second(date)}                 // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc.
${#dates.millisecond(date)}            // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc.

/*
 * Create date (java.util.Date) objects from its components
 */
${#dates.create(year,month,day)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)}

/*
 * Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date and time
 */
${#dates.createNow()}

${#dates.createNowForTimeZone()}

/*
 * Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date (time set to 00:00)
 */
${#dates.createToday()}

${#dates.createTodayForTimeZone()}

/*#numbers：数字对象的实用程序方法：*/
/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Numbers
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * ==========================
 * Formatting integer numbers
 * ==========================
 */

/* 
 * Set minimum integer digits.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3)}
${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3)}
${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3)}


/* 
 * Set minimum integer digits and thousands separator: 
 * 'POINT', 'COMMA', 'WHITESPACE', 'NONE' or 'DEFAULT' (by locale).
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3,'POINT')}


/*
 * ==========================
 * Formatting decimal numbers
 * ==========================
 */

/*
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2)}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2)}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2)}

/*
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also decimal separator.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2,'COMMA')}

/*
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also thousands and 
 * decimal separator.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}


/* 
 * =====================
 * Formatting currencies
 * =====================
 */

${#numbers.formatCurrency(num)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatCurrency(numArray)}
${#numbers.listFormatCurrency(numList)}
${#numbers.setFormatCurrency(numSet)}


/* 
 * ======================
 * Formatting percentages
 * ======================
 */

${#numbers.formatPercent(num)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatPercent(numArray)}
${#numbers.listFormatPercent(numList)}
${#numbers.setFormatPercent(numSet)}

/* 
 * Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits.
 */
${#numbers.formatPercent(num, 3, 2)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatPercent(numArray, 3, 2)}
${#numbers.listFormatPercent(numList, 3, 2)}
${#numbers.setFormatPercent(numSet, 3, 2)}


/*
 * ===============
 * Utility methods
 * ===============
 */

/*
 * Create a sequence (array) of integer numbers going
 * from x to y
 */
${#numbers.sequence(from,to)}
${#numbers.sequence(from,to,step)}

/*#strings：String对象的实用程序方法：*/
/*
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Strings
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Null-safe toString()
 */
${#strings.toString(obj)}                           // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Check whether a String is empty (or null). Performs a trim() operation before check
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.isEmpty(name)}
${#strings.arrayIsEmpty(nameArr)}
${#strings.listIsEmpty(nameList)}
${#strings.setIsEmpty(nameSet)}

/*
 * Perform an 'isEmpty()' check on a string and return it if false, defaulting to
 * another specified string if true.
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.defaultString(text,default)}
${#strings.arrayDefaultString(textArr,default)}
${#strings.listDefaultString(textList,default)}
${#strings.setDefaultString(textSet,default)}

/*
 * Check whether a fragment is contained in a String
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.contains(name,'ez')}                     // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.containsIgnoreCase(name,'ez')}           // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Check whether a String starts or ends with a fragment
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.startsWith(name,'Don')}                  // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.endsWith(name,endingFragment)}           // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Substring-related operations
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.indexOf(name,frag)}                      // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substring(name,3,5)}                     // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substringAfter(name,prefix)}             // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substringBefore(name,suffix)}            // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.replace(name,'las','ler')}               // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Append and prepend
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.prepend(str,prefix)}                     // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.append(str,suffix)}                      // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Change case
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.toUpperCase(name)}                       // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.toLowerCase(name)}                       // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Split and join
 */
${#strings.arrayJoin(namesArray,',')}
${#strings.listJoin(namesList,',')}
${#strings.setJoin(namesSet,',')}
${#strings.arraySplit(namesStr,',')}                // returns String[]
${#strings.listSplit(namesStr,',')}                 // returns List
    
    
     
     
${#strings.setSplit(namesStr,',')}                  // returns Set
     
     
      
      

/*
 * Trim
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.trim(str)}                               // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Compute length
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.length(str)}                             // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Abbreviate text making it have a maximum size of n. If text is bigger, it
 * will be clipped and finished in "..."
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#strings.abbreviate(str,10)}                      // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Convert the first character to upper-case (and vice-versa)
 */
${#strings.capitalize(str)}                         // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unCapitalize(str)}                       // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Convert the first character of every word to upper-case
 */
${#strings.capitalizeWords(str)}                    // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.capitalizeWords(str,delimiters)}         // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Escape the string
 */
${#strings.escapeXml(str)}                          // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.escapeJava(str)}                         // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.escapeJavaScript(str)}                   // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unescapeJava(str)}                       // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unescapeJavaScript(str)}                 // also array*, list* and set*

/*
 * Null-safe comparison and concatenation
 */
${#strings.equals(first, second)}
${#strings.equalsIgnoreCase(first, second)}
${#strings.concat(values...)}
${#strings.concatReplaceNulls(nullValue, values...)}

/*
 * Random
 */
${#strings.randomAlphanumeric(count)}

/*
 *#objects：一般对象的实用程序方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Objects
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Return obj if it is not null, and default otherwise
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#objects.nullSafe(obj,default)}
${#objects.arrayNullSafe(objArray,default)}
${#objects.listNullSafe(objList,default)}
${#objects.setNullSafe(objSet,default)}

/*
 *#bools：布尔评估的实用程序方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Bools
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Evaluate a condition in the same way that it would be evaluated in a th:if tag
 * (see conditional evaluation chapter afterwards).
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#bools.isTrue(obj)}
${#bools.arrayIsTrue(objArray)}
${#bools.listIsTrue(objList)}
${#bools.setIsTrue(objSet)}

/*
 * Evaluate with negation
 * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
 */
${#bools.isFalse(cond)}
${#bools.arrayIsFalse(condArray)}
${#bools.listIsFalse(condList)}
${#bools.setIsFalse(condSet)}

/*
 * Evaluate and apply AND operator
 * Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter
 */
${#bools.arrayAnd(condArray)}
${#bools.listAnd(condList)}
${#bools.setAnd(condSet)}

/*
 * Evaluate and apply OR operator
 * Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter
 */
${#bools.arrayOr(condArray)}
${#bools.listOr(condList)}
${#bools.setOr(condSet)}

/*
 *#arrays：数组的实用方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Arrays
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Converts to array, trying to infer array component class.
 * Note that if resulting array is empty, or if the elements
 * of the target object are not all of the same class,
 * this method will return Object[].
 */
${#arrays.toArray(object)}

/*
 * Convert to arrays of the specified component class.
 */
${#arrays.toStringArray(object)}
${#arrays.toIntegerArray(object)}
${#arrays.toLongArray(object)}
${#arrays.toDoubleArray(object)}
${#arrays.toFloatArray(object)}
${#arrays.toBooleanArray(object)}

/*
 * Compute length
 */
${#arrays.length(array)}

/*
 * Check whether array is empty
 */
${#arrays.isEmpty(array)}

/*
 * Check if element or elements are contained in array
 */
${#arrays.contains(array, element)}
${#arrays.containsAll(array, elements)}

/*
 *#lists：列表的实用程序方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Lists
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Converts to list
 */
${#lists.toList(object)}

/*
 * Compute size
 */
${#lists.size(list)}

/*
 * Check whether list is empty
 */
${#lists.isEmpty(list)}

/*
 * Check if element or elements are contained in list
 */
${#lists.contains(list, element)}
${#lists.containsAll(list, elements)}

/*
 * Sort a copy of the given list. The members of the list must implement
 * comparable or you must define a comparator.
 */
${#lists.sort(list)}
${#lists.sort(list, comparator)}

/*
 *#sets：集合的实用方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Sets
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Converts to set
 */
${#sets.toSet(object)}

/*
 * Compute size
 */
${#sets.size(set)}

/*
 * Check whether set is empty
 */
${#sets.isEmpty(set)}

/*
 * Check if element or elements are contained in set
 */
${#sets.contains(set, element)}
${#sets.containsAll(set, elements)}

/*
 *#maps：地图的实用方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Maps
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Compute size
 */
${#maps.size(map)}

/*
 * Check whether map is empty
 */
${#maps.isEmpty(map)}

/*
 * Check if key/s or value/s are contained in maps
 */
${#maps.containsKey(map, key)}
${#maps.containsAllKeys(map, keys)}
${#maps.containsValue(map, value)}
${#maps.containsAllValues(map, value)}

/*
 *#aggregates：在数组或集合上创建聚合的实用方法
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Aggregates
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Compute sum. Returns null if array or collection is empty
 */
${#aggregates.sum(array)}
${#aggregates.sum(collection)}

/*
 * Compute average. Returns null if array or collection is empty
 */
${#aggregates.avg(array)}
${#aggregates.avg(collection)}

/*
 *#ids：处理id可能重复的属性的实用方法（例如，作为迭代的结果）。
 * ======================================================================
 * See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Ids
 * ======================================================================
 */

/*
 * Normally used in th:id attributes, for appending a counter to the id attribute value
 * so that it remains unique even when involved in an iteration process.
 */
${#ids.seq('someId')}

/*
 * Normally used in th:for attributes in  tags, so that these labels can refer to Ids
 * generated by means if the #ids.seq(...) function.
 *
 * Depending on whether the  goes before or after the element with the #ids.seq(...)
 * function, the "next" (label goes before "seq") or the "prev" function (label goes after 
 * "seq") function should be called.
 */
${#ids.next('someId')}
${#ids.prev('someId')}

4.5 选择表达式（星号语法）

不仅可以将变量表达式写为${...}，也可以写为*{...}。

有一个重要的区别：星号语法评估所选对象而不是整个上下文的表达式。也就是说，只要没有选定的对象，美元和星号语法就会完全相同。

什么是选定对象？使用th:object属性的表达式的结果。我们在用户个人资料（userprofile.html）页面中使用一个：

<divth:object="${session.user}">

Name: <spanth:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian.

Surname: <spanth:text="*{lastName}">Pepper.

Nationality: <spanth:text="*{nationality}">Saturn.

</div>

这完全相当于：

<div>

Name: <spanth:text="${session.user.firstName}">Sebastian.

Surname: <spanth:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper.

Nationality: <spanth:text="${session.user.nationality}">Saturn.

</div>

当然，美元和星号的语法可以混合使用：

<divth:object="${session.user}">

Name: <spanth:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian.

Surname: <spanth:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper.

Nationality: <spanth:text="*{nationality}">Saturn.

</div>

当对象选择到位时，所选对象也将作为#object表达式变量使用美元表达式：

<divth:object="${session.user}">

Name: <spanth:text="${#object.firstName}">Sebastian.

Surname: <spanth:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper.

Nationality: <spanth:text="*{nationality}">Saturn.

</div>

如上所述，如果没有执行对象选择，则美元和星号语法是等效的。

<div>

Name: <spanth:text="*{session.user.name}">Sebastian.

Surname: <spanth:text="*{session.user.surname}">Pepper.

Nationality: <spanth:text="*{session.user.nationality}">Saturn.

</div>

4.6 URL链接

@{...}

<ahref="details.html"

th:href="@{http://localhost:8080/gtvg/order/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>

<ahref="details.html"th:href="@{/order/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>

<ahref="details.html"th:href="@{/order/{orderId}/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>

· 如果需要几个参数，这些参数将以逗号分隔： @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}

5.实际例子，代码如下，分为server与web

pom引入




    
   
   
    登录页面


read from properties
    
   
   
    
    
        username:
    
    
        password:



    
        
   
   
        欢迎界面
    
    
        Welcome to the index,hello body!
        

        ----- read from properties  ----------
        read from properties
        

        变量替换：变量替换
        

        字符串部分替换-写法1：字符串部分替换-写法1
        

        字符串部分替换-写法2：字符串部分替换-写法2
        

        -----url用法------
        
   
   相对路径-->通常不推荐这样写 登录页面
绝对路径 登录页面
绝对路径 欢迎页面
url带有一个参数 欢迎页面
url带有多个参数 欢迎页面
url路径中带有参数-->restful风格 this is abc444
运算符用法1 this is bcd
运算符用法2 this is true
运算符用法3 this is false
        

        -----循环用法1  非空集合------
        
   
   INDEX NAME USERNAME PASSWORD
index Onions 111 ***
        

        -----循环用法2  空集合，判断为空则整体表格不显示------
        
   
   NAME USERNAME PASSWORD
Onions 111 ***
        

        -----switch 用法，相当于jstl的choose when    默认属性default可以用*表示：------
        
   
   
            
    
    User is an administrator
            
    
    User`s username equals the name
            
    
    User is some other thing
        
   
   
        

        -----Utility对象（内置于Context中）：------
        -----#dates：------
        
   
   
            
    
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
        
   
   
        

        -----#strings：------
        
   
   
            
    
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
            
    
    
        
   
   
        

        -----ajax 动态获取数据：------
        
   
   INDEX NAME USERNAME PASSWORD
index Onions 111 ***
        

        -----页面布局引用：------
        
   
   
        <script th:src="@{/webjars/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js}"></script>
        <script th:inline="javascript" th:src="@{/js/index.js}"></script>

INDEX	NAME	USERNAME	PASSWORD
index	Onions	111	***

NAME	USERNAME	PASSWORD
Onions	111	***

INDEX	NAME	USERNAME	PASSWORD
index	Onions	111	***

注明：1.参考资料：http://www.thymeleaf.org/

2.th:unless于th:if恰好相反，只有表达式中的条件不成立，才会显示其内容。

3.iterStat称作状态变量，属性有：

index:当前迭代对象的index（从0开始计算）
count: 当前迭代对象的index(从1开始计算)
size:被迭代对象的大小
current:当前迭代变量
even/odd:布尔值，当前循环是否是偶数/奇数（从0开始计算）
first:布尔值，当前循环是否是第一个
last:布尔值，当前循环是否是最后一个

4.资源文件的约定目录结构

 
 Maven的资源文件目录：/src/java/resources  

 
 spring-boot项目静态文件目录：/src/java/resources/static  

 
 spring-boot项目模板文件目录：/src/java/resources/templates  

 
 spring-boot静态首页的支持，即index.html放在以下目录结构会直接映射到应用的根目录下 

 
 5. 
 在表达式中的值可以与进行比较 
 > 
 ， 
 < 
 ， 
 >= 
 和 
 <= 
 符号，以及 
 == 
 和 
 != 
 运营商可以被用来检查是否相等（或缺乏）。需要注意的是XML建立了 
 < 
 和 
 > 
 符号不应该在属性值被使用，并且因此他们应该被取代 
 &lt; 
 和 
 &gt; 

 
 6. 
 src/main/webapp 
 如果您的应用程序将被打包为jar，请不要使用该目录。虽然这个目录是一个通用的标准，但 
 它只 
 适用于战争包装，如果生成一个jar，它将被绝大多数构建工具忽略（ 
 默认情况下，Spring Boot将从类路径或根目录中的 
 /static 
 （  
 /public 
 或 
 /resources 
 或 
 /META-INF/resources 
 ）目录中提供静态内容 
 ServletContext 
 。它使用 
 ResourceHttpRequestHandler 
 从Spring MVC，所以你可以通过添加自己 
 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 
 和覆盖该  
 addResourceHandlers 
 方法来修改这种行为。 
 ） 

 
  7. 
  当您使用默认配置的其中一个模板引擎时，您的模板将自动从中提取 
  src/main/resources/templates 
 
  8. 模版文件位置可自行配置，如下图所示：

附录： 
  给属性赋值：这些属性有很多属性，每个都针对特定的HTML5属性： 
 
 
   th:abbr th:accept th:accept-charset
 th:accesskey th:action th:align
 th:alt th:archive th:audio
 th:autocomplete th:axis th:background
 th:bgcolor th:border th:cellpadding
 th:cellspacing th:challenge th:charset
 th:cite th:class th:classid
 th:codebase th:codetype th:cols
 th:colspan th:compact th:content
 th:contenteditable th:contextmenu th:data
 th:datetime th:dir th:draggable
 th:dropzone th:enctype th:for
 th:form th:formaction th:formenctype
 th:formmethod th:formtarget th:fragment
 th:frame th:frameborder th:headers
 th:height th:high th:href
 th:hreflang th:hspace th:http-equiv
 th:icon th:id th:inline
 th:keytype th:kind th:label
 th:lang th:list th:longdesc
 th:low th:manifest th:marginheight
 th:marginwidth th:max th:maxlength
 th:media th:method th:min
 th:name th:onabort th:onafterprint
 th:onbeforeprint th:onbeforeunload th:onblur
 th:oncanplay th:oncanplaythrough th:onchange
 th:onclick th:oncontextmenu th:ondblclick
 th:ondrag th:ondragend th:ondragenter
 th:ondragleave th:ondragover th:ondragstart
 th:ondrop th:ondurationchange th:onemptied
 th:onended th:onerror th:onfocus
 th:onformchange th:onforminput th:onhashchange
 th:oninput th:oninvalid th:onkeydown
 th:onkeypress th:onkeyup th:onload
 th:onloadeddata th:onloadedmetadata th:onloadstart
 th:onmessage th:onmousedown th:onmousemove
 th:onmouseout th:onmouseover th:onmouseup
 th:onmousewheel th:onoffline th:ononline
 th:onpause th:onplay th:onplaying
 th:onpopstate th:onprogress th:onratechange
 th:onreadystatechange th:onredo th:onreset
 th:onresize th:onscroll th:onseeked
 th:onseeking th:onselect th:onshow
 th:onstalled th:onstorage th:onsubmit
 th:onsuspend th:ontimeupdate th:onundo
 th:onunload th:onvolumechange th:onwaiting
 th:optimum th:pattern th:placeholder
 th:poster th:preload th:radiogroup
 th:rel th:rev th:rows
 th:rowspan th:rules th:sandbox
 th:scheme th:scope th:scrolling
 th:size th:sizes th:span
 th:spellcheck th:src th:srclang
 th:standby th:start th:step
 th:style th:summary th:tabindex
 th:target th:title th:type
 th:usemap th:value th:valuetype
 th:vspace th:width th:wrap
 th:xmlbase th:xmllang th:xmlspace
 
 
 
  标准方言中存在以下固定值布尔属性： 
 
 
   th:async th:autofocus th:autoplay
 th:checked th:controls th:declare
 th:default th:defer th:disabled
 th:formnovalidate th:hidden th:ismap
 th:loop th:multiple th:novalidate
 th:nowrap th:open th:pubdate
 th:readonly th:required th:reversed
 th:scoped th:seamless th:selected
 
 
 
  5.6设置任何属性的值（默认属性处理器） 
 
 
  Thymeleaf提供了一个 
  默认属性处理器 
  ，允许我们设置 
  任何 
  属性的值，即使 
  th:* 
  在标准方言中没有为其定义特定的处理器。 
 
 
  所以这样的东西： 
 
 
  < 
  span 
  th:whatever 
  =" 
  ${user.name} 
  ">...</ 
  span 
  > 
 
 
  将导致： 
 
 
  < 
  span 
  whatever 
  =" 
  John Apricot 
  ">...</ 
  span 
  > 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  可迭代的值 
 
 
  该 
  java.util.List 
  班是不是可以用于Thymeleaf迭代onlyvalue。有一组相当完整的对象被一个属性认为 
  可迭代 
  th:each 
  ： 
 
 任何对象实现 java.util.Iterable
 任何对象实现java.util.Enumeration。
 任何实现的对象java.util.Iterator，其值将被迭代器返回，而不需要在内存中缓存所有值。
 任何对象实现java.util.Map。迭代映射时，迭代变量将是类java.util.Map.Entry。
 任何数组。
 任何其他对象将被视为包含对象本身的单值列表。
 
  所以，所有的Thymeleaf属性定义一个数字优先级，它确定在标签中执行它们的顺序。这个订单是： 
 
 
  订购特征属性
1片段包含 th:insert
 th:replace
2片段迭代 th:each
3有条件的评估 th:if
 th:unless
 th:switch
 th:case
4局部变量定义 th:object
 th:with
五一般属性修改 th:attr
 th:attrprepend
 th:attrappend
6具体属性修改 th:value
 th:href
 th:src
 ...
7文本（标签体修改） th:text
 th:utext
8片段规范 th:fragment
9片段去除 th:remove
 
 
 
  
 
 

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spring boot thymeleaf的使用

thymeleaf用法详解1. Thymeleaf简介à摘自官网Thymeleaf是面向Web和独立环境的现代服务器端Java模板引擎，能够处理HTML，XML，JavaScript，CSS甚至纯文本。Thymeleaf的主要目标是提供一个优雅和高度可维护的创建模板的方式。为了实现这一点，它建立在自然模板的概念上，将其逻辑注入到模板文件中，不会影响模板被用作设计原型。这改善了设计
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专栏目录

相对路径-->通常不推荐这样写	登录页面
绝对路径	登录页面
绝对路径	欢迎页面
url带有一个参数	欢迎页面
url带有多个参数	欢迎页面
url路径中带有参数-->restful风格	this is abc444
运算符用法1	this is bcd
运算符用法2	this is true
运算符用法3	this is false

th:abbr	th:accept	th:accept-charset
th:accesskey	th:action	th:align
th:alt	th:archive	th:audio
th:autocomplete	th:axis	th:background
th:bgcolor	th:border	th:cellpadding
th:cellspacing	th:challenge	th:charset
th:cite	th:class	th:classid
th:codebase	th:codetype	th:cols
th:colspan	th:compact	th:content
th:contenteditable	th:contextmenu	th:data
th:datetime	th:dir	th:draggable
th:dropzone	th:enctype	th:for
th:form	th:formaction	th:formenctype
th:formmethod	th:formtarget	th:fragment
th:frame	th:frameborder	th:headers
th:height	th:high	th:href
th:hreflang	th:hspace	th:http-equiv
th:icon	th:id	th:inline
th:keytype	th:kind	th:label
th:lang	th:list	th:longdesc
th:low	th:manifest	th:marginheight
th:marginwidth	th:max	th:maxlength
th:media	th:method	th:min
th:name	th:onabort	th:onafterprint
th:onbeforeprint	th:onbeforeunload	th:onblur
th:oncanplay	th:oncanplaythrough	th:onchange
th:onclick	th:oncontextmenu	th:ondblclick
th:ondrag	th:ondragend	th:ondragenter
th:ondragleave	th:ondragover	th:ondragstart
th:ondrop	th:ondurationchange	th:onemptied
th:onended	th:onerror	th:onfocus
th:onformchange	th:onforminput	th:onhashchange
th:oninput	th:oninvalid	th:onkeydown
th:onkeypress	th:onkeyup	th:onload
th:onloadeddata	th:onloadedmetadata	th:onloadstart
th:onmessage	th:onmousedown	th:onmousemove
th:onmouseout	th:onmouseover	th:onmouseup
th:onmousewheel	th:onoffline	th:ononline
th:onpause	th:onplay	th:onplaying
th:onpopstate	th:onprogress	th:onratechange
th:onreadystatechange	th:onredo	th:onreset
th:onresize	th:onscroll	th:onseeked
th:onseeking	th:onselect	th:onshow
th:onstalled	th:onstorage	th:onsubmit
th:onsuspend	th:ontimeupdate	th:onundo
th:onunload	th:onvolumechange	th:onwaiting
th:optimum	th:pattern	th:placeholder
th:poster	th:preload	th:radiogroup
th:rel	th:rev	th:rows
th:rowspan	th:rules	th:sandbox
th:scheme	th:scope	th:scrolling
th:size	th:sizes	th:span
th:spellcheck	th:src	th:srclang
th:standby	th:start	th:step
th:style	th:summary	th:tabindex
th:target	th:title	th:type
th:usemap	th:value	th:valuetype
th:vspace	th:width	th:wrap
th:xmlbase	th:xmllang	th:xmlspace

th:async	th:autofocus	th:autoplay
th:checked	th:controls	th:declare
th:default	th:defer	th:disabled
th:formnovalidate	th:hidden	th:ismap
th:loop	th:multiple	th:novalidate
th:nowrap	th:open	th:pubdate
th:readonly	th:required	th:reversed
th:scoped	th:seamless	th:selected

订购	特征	属性
1	片段包含	th:insert th:replace
2	片段迭代	th:each
3	有条件的评估	th:if th:unless th:switch th:case
4	局部变量定义	th:object th:with
五	一般属性修改	th:attr th:attrprepend th:attrappend
6	具体属性修改	th:value th:href th:src ...
7	文本（标签体修改）	th:text th:utext
8	片段规范	th:fragment
9	片段去除	th:remove