SpringBoot 基于AbstractRoutingDataSource实现多数据源动态切换

一、场景

        在生产业务中，有一些任务执行了耗时较长的查询操作，在实时性要求不高的时候，我们希望将这些查询sql分离出来，去从库查询，以减少应用对主数据库的压力。

        一种方案是在配置文件中配置多个数据源，然后通过配置类来获取数据源以及mapper相关的扫描配置，不同的数据源配置不佟的mapper扫描位置，然后需要哪一个数据源就注入哪一个mapper接口即可，这种方法比较简单。特征是通过mapper扫描位置区分数据源。

        第二种方案是配置一个默认使用的数据源，然后定义多个其他的数据源，使用aop形成注解式选择数据源。此种方案实现的核心是对AbstractRoutingDataSource 类的继承。这是本文的重点。

二、原理

        AbstractRoutingDataSource的多数据源动态切换的核心逻辑是：在程序运行时，把数据源数据源通过 AbstractRoutingDataSource 动态织入到程序中，灵活的进行数据源切换。
基于AbstractRoutingDataSource的多数据源动态切换，可以实现读写分离。逻辑如下：

/**
	 * Retrieve the current target DataSource. Determines the
	 * {@link #determineCurrentLookupKey() current lookup key}, performs
	 * a lookup in the {@link #setTargetDataSources targetDataSources} map,
	 * falls back to the specified
	 * {@link #setDefaultTargetDataSource default target DataSource} if necessary.
	 * @see #determineCurrentLookupKey()
	 */
	protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
		Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
		Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
		DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
		if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
			dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
		}
		if (dataSource == null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
		}
		return dataSource;
	}

/**
	 * Determine the current lookup key. This will typically be
	 * implemented to check a thread-bound transaction context.
	 * <p>Allows for arbitrary keys. The returned key needs
	 * to match the stored lookup key type, as resolved by the
	 * {@link #resolveSpecifiedLookupKey} method.
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey();

通过实现抽象方法determineCurrentLookupKey指定需要切换的数据源

三、代码示例

示例中主要依赖 

com.alibaba.druid;tk.mybatis

定义一个类用于关联数据源。通过 TheadLocal 来保存每个线程选择哪个数据源的标志(key)

@Slf4j
public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder {


    private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>();
    public static List<String> dataSourceIds = new ArrayList<String>();

    public static void setDataSourceType(String dataSourceType) {
        log.info("设置当前数据源为{}",dataSourceType);
        contextHolder.set(dataSourceType);
    }

    public static String getDataSourceType() {
        return contextHolder.get() ;
    }

    public static void clearDataSourceType() {
        contextHolder.remove();
    }

    public static boolean containsDataSource(String dataSourceId){
        log.info("list = {},dataId={}", JSON.toJSON(dataSourceIds),dataSourceId);
        return dataSourceIds.contains(dataSourceId);
    }


}

继承

AbstractRoutingDataSource

public class DynamicDataSource  extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {

        return  DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceType();
    }
}

配置主数据库master 与从数据库slave（略）。数据源配置可以从简

@Configuration
@tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan(value = {"com.server.dal.dao"})
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "java.druid.datasource.master.url")
public class JavaDruidDataSourceConfiguration {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JavaDruidDataSourceConfiguration.class);

    @Resource
    private JavaDruidDataSourceProperties druidDataSourceProperties;
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "masterDataSource", initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "close")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "masterDataSource")
    public DruidDataSource javaReadDruidDataSource() {

        DruidDataSource result = new DruidDataSource();

        try {
//            result.setName(druidDataSourceProperties.getName());
            result.setUrl(druidDataSourceProperties.getUrl());
            result.setUsername(druidDataSourceProperties.getUsername());
            result.setPassword(druidDataSourceProperties.getPassword());
            result.setConnectionProperties(
                    "config.decrypt=false;config.decrypt.key=" + druidDataSourceProperties.getPwdPublicKey());
            result.setFilters("config");
            result.setMaxActive(druidDataSourceProperties.getMaxActive());
            result.setInitialSize(druidDataSourceProperties.getInitialSize());
            result.setMaxWait(druidDataSourceProperties.getMaxWait());
            result.setMinIdle(druidDataSourceProperties.getMinIdle());
            result.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(druidDataSourceProperties.getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis());
            result.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(druidDataSourceProperties.getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis());
            result.setValidationQuery(druidDataSourceProperties.getValidationQuery());
            result.setTestWhileIdle(druidDataSourceProperties.isTestWhileIdle());
            result.setTestOnBorrow(druidDataSourceProperties.isTestOnBorrow());
            result.setTestOnReturn(druidDataSourceProperties.isTestOnReturn());
            result.setPoolPreparedStatements(druidDataSourceProperties.isPoolPreparedStatements());
            result.setMaxOpenPreparedStatements(druidDataSourceProperties.getMaxOpenPreparedStatements());

            if (druidDataSourceProperties.isEnableMonitor()) {
                StatFilter filter = new StatFilter();
                filter.setLogSlowSql(druidDataSourceProperties.isLogSlowSql());
                filter.setMergeSql(druidDataSourceProperties.isMergeSql());
                filter.setSlowSqlMillis(druidDataSourceProperties.getSlowSqlMillis());
                List<Filter> list = new ArrayList<>();
                list.add(filter);
                result.setProxyFilters(list);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            logger.error("数据源加载失败:", e);

        } finally {
            result.close();
        }


        return result;
    }
}

注意主从数据库的bean name

配置DynamicDataSource 

targetDataSources 存放数据源的k-v对

defaultTargetDataSource 存放默认数据源

配置事务管理器和SqlSessionFactoryBean

@Configuration
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {
    private static final String MAPPER_LOCATION = "classpath*:sqlmap/dao/*Mapper.xml";

    @Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DruidDataSource masterDataSource,
                                               @Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DruidDataSource slaveDataSource) {
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSource = new HashMap<>();
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceIds.add("masterDataSource");
        targetDataSource.put("masterDataSource", masterDataSource);
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.dataSourceIds.add("slaveDataSource");
        targetDataSource.put("slaveDataSource", slaveDataSource);
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSource);
        dataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "javaTransactionManager")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "javaTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DynamicDataSource druidDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(druidDataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactoryBean")
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean myGetSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DynamicDataSource  dataSource) {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        try {
            sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources(MAPPER_LOCATION));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean;

    }

}

定义一个注解用于指定数据源

@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface TargetDataSource {
    String value();
}

切面的业务逻辑。注意指定order，以确保在开启事务之前执行 。

@Aspect
@Slf4j
@Order(-1)
@Component
public class DataSourceAop {

    @Before("@annotation(targetDataSource)")
    public void changeDataSource(JoinPoint point, TargetDataSource targetDataSource) {
        String dsId = targetDataSource.value();
        if (!DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.containsDataSource(dsId)) {
            log.error("数据源[{}]不存在，使用默认数据源 > {}" + targetDataSource.value() + point.getSignature());
        } else {
            log.info("UseDataSource : {} > {}" + targetDataSource.value() + point.getSignature());
            DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceType(targetDataSource.value());

        }
    }

    @After("@annotation(targetDataSource)")
    public void restoreDataSource(JoinPoint point, TargetDataSource targetDataSource) {
        log.info("RevertDataSource : {} > {}"+targetDataSource.value()+point.getSignature());
        DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceType();
    }


}

以上略去了pom.xml和application.yml

使用示例

    @Resource
    private ShopBillDOMapper shopBillDOMapper;

//使用默认数据源
    public ShopBillBO queryTestData(Integer id){

        return shopBillDOMapper.getByShopBillId(id);
    }

//切换到指定的数据源
    @TargetDataSource("slaveDataSource")
    public ShopBill queryTestData2(Integer id){
        return shopBillDOMapper.getByShopBillId(id);
    }

如果返回不同的结果就成功了！