第一章和第二章
distinct
like
'S%' S打头的
'_A%' 第二个字母是A的
绑定变量
select ename from &haha;
select &&hehe from scott.emp whre &hehe.2000 order by &hehe 多重替换,在一句话中,出现多次,第一个需要用双&&,后面再引用,只要单&
define
define定义的东西只在当前会话有效
define a=sal
select &a from scott.emp
verify
set verify off/on 当前会话有效,针对&不确认
########################################################
alter user scott account unlock identified by tiger;
alter user hr account unlock identified by hr;
conn hr/hr
select table_name from user_tables;
########################################################
第三章 单行函数
select ename,lower(ename) from scott.emp 转换成小写
upper 大写
initcap 每个单词的首字母大写
select ename,sal from emp where upper(ename)=upper('&haha');
select concat(ename,sal) from emp; 相当于上午讲的||,连接符
select ename,substr(ename,1,2) from emp; 从ename第1位开始取2位
select ename,length(ename) from emp; 字串长度
select instr('1290000','9') from dual; 从左往右,第一次出现的位置,如果没有,返回0
select lpad(sal,10,'*') from emp; 如果sal不满10位,左边用*补齐,rpad是右边补齐
select lpad(rpad(sal,10,'*'),20,'*'),先右补齐10位,再左边补齐20位
select trim('x' from 'xxxaaaaaxxxaaaxxx') 掐头去尾,通常用来去掉两端空格)
select replace('13940000429','0','8') from dual; 把0替换成8
select round(123.3456,2) from dual; 小数点后两位四舍五入,结果是123.45,如果是-2,返回100
select trunc(123.456789,2)from dual; 截取,返回123.45,如果是-2,代表只留下百位1,即100
select mod(100,3) from dual; 100被3除宇1
select round(45.923,2) ,round(45.923,0) ,round(45.923,-1) from dual;
日期
select sysdate from dual; 查看当前时间
alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
select sysdate+15 from dual; 只能处理-4713到9999年
年份在50-99之间,用yy解析,是当前世纪,用rr来解析是上个世纪
0-49之间,用yy,rr,都是当前世纪
select sysdate,sysdate+1/24,sysdate+1/1440 from dual; 加一小时,加一分钟,oracle真牛逼啊。。。呵呵
select months_between(sysdate,hiredate) from emp; 两个日期之间相差多少个自然月
select sysdate,add_months(sysdate,1000) from dual; 1000个自然月后的日期
select next_day(sysdate,'sunday') from dual; 下一个礼拜天的日期
select lastday(sysdate)from dual; 当前月的最后一天
select round(sysdate,'month') from dual;
select round(sysdate,'year') from dual;
select trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual; 2011.1
www.oracle.com/pls/db102
后面的公式要罩得住前面的
to_char
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss am day') 2011-09-14
dy
select to_char(sysdate,'fmyyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss am day')去掉前导0,显示2011-9-14
select to_char(123,'9999999999.99') from dual; 返回 123.00
select to_char(123,'0999999999.99') from dual; 返回 000000000000123.00 前导0
select to_char(123.'$99999999999999.00') from dual; 返回$123.00
select to_char(1234567890,'999,999,999,999,999,999.99') from dual; 返回1,234,567,890.00
to_number
select to_number('123.00','9999999.99')+2 from dual; 返回125
to_date
select to_date('2011-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd'+1 from dual; 返回 2011-01-02 00:00:00
通用函数
NVL
select ename,comm,nvl(comm,0)+500 from emp 如果有人comm是null,就用0代替
NVL2
select ename,comm,nvl2(comm,'a','b') from emp 如果comm是null就打印b,不为null,打印a
NULLIF
NULLIF(expr1,expr2),如果相同,返回空,如果不等,返回参数1
select first_name,length(first_name) "expr1" ,
last_name,length(last_name) "expr2" ,
nullif(length(first_name),length(last_name)) result
from employees;
coalesce(expr1,expr2....)返回第一个不为空的
select last_name,coalesce(manager_id,commission_pct,-1) comm
from employees
order by commission_pct;
if-else格式的SQL语句
case
select last_name ,job_id ,salary,
case job_id
when 'IT_PROG' then 1.10*salary
when 'ST_CLERK' then 1.15*salary
when 'SA_REP' then 1.20*salary
else
salary
end "REVISED_SALARY"
from employees;
decode
select last_name ,job_id ,salary,
decode (trunc(salary/2000,0)
0,0.00,
1,0.09,
2,0.20,
3,0.30,
4,0.40,
5,0.50,
6,0.60,
0.45)
tax_rate
from employees
where department_id=80;