Android线程之IntentService
IntentService是一个继承Service的抽象类。所以我们使用它的时候需要创建继承IntentService的子类。可用来执行后台耗时任务。
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {}
IntentService第一次被启动时,它的onCreate方法会被调用,onCreate方法如下:
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
从IntentService的onCreate方法可以看出,在onCreate方法被调用的时候,会创建一个HandlerThread,然后通过HandlerThread的getLooper方法获取到的Looper来创建Handler。所以如果使用Handler发送消息,消息最终会交到HandlerThread的Looper中处理。每次启动IntentService,onStartCommand方法都会被调用,onStartCommand方法如下:
@Override
public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
在onStartCommand方法中会调用start方法,并将intent和startId作为参数传递进去,这个intent就是启动这个IntentService时的intent。启动IntentService方式如下:
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
intent.putExtra("tast_key","task_value");
startService(intent);
再来看看onStartCommand方法调用的onStart方法:
@Override
public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
可以看到onStart方法通过mServiceHandler发送了一个消息,并将intent和startId携带在Message中,这个消息最终会在HandlerThread中处理,mServiceHandler收到消息后将intent传递给onHandleIntent处理,当onHandleIntent执行完后IntentService通过调用stopSelf(msg.arg1)来停止服务,stopSelf(msg.arg1)会等虽有消息都处理完才终止服务。
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);//停止服务
}
}
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
onHandleIntent是一个抽象方法,需要在子类中实现具体逻辑,最后我们启动IntentService的intent就交到到子类的onHandleIntent方法中了
public class MyService extends IntentService {
public MyService(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent) {
//对Intent传入的后台任务进行处理
}
}
每次启动IntentService,IntentService的内部都是通过Handler发送消息向HandlerThread执行任务,Handler中的Looper从MessageQueue中顺序取出消息处理,所以IntentService也是顺序执行后台任务,当多次启动IntentService,任务会按照外界的startService顺序执行。
继承IntentService的服务需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册
<service android:name=".MyService"/>
而且我们在使用IntentService的时候,一定要有无参构造方法,不然会报异常java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate ....MyService: java.lang.InstantiationException: ....MyService has no zero argument constructor
public class MyService extends IntentService {
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
public MyService(){
super("name");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "Intent : " + intent.getStringExtra("tast_key"));
}
}