C++ string类型的相关操作

 

预备知识：

1.     头文件：<cctype>

 

       isalnum()

              checks for an alphanumeric character; it is equivalent to (isal‐

              pha(c) || isdigit(c)).

 

       isalpha()

              checks for an alphabetic character; in the standard "C"  locale,

              it  is  equivalent  to  (isupper(c)  ||  islower(c)).   In  some

              locales, there may be additional characters for which  isalpha()

              is true—letters which are neither upper case nor lower case.

 

       isascii()

              checks  whether  c is a 7-bit unsigned char value that fits into

              the ASCII character set.

 

       isblank()

              checks for a blank character; that is, a space or a tab.

      iscntrl()

              checks for a control character.

 

       isdigit()

              checks for a digit (0 through 9).

 

       isgraph()

              checks for any printable character except space.

 

       islower()

              checks for a lower-case character.

 

       isprint()

              checks for any printable character including space.

 

       ispunct()

              checks for any printable character which is not a  space  or  an

              alphanumeric character.

       isspace()

              checks  for  white-space  characters.   In  the  "C" and "POSIX"

              locales, these are: space,  form-feed  ('/f'),  newline  ('/n'),

              carriage  return ('/r'), horizontal tab ('/t'), and vertical tab

              ('/v').

 

       isupper()

              checks for an uppercase letter.

 

       isxdigit()

              checks for a hexadecimal digits, that is, one of

              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f A B C D E F.

2.关于size_type:

  string类类型和许多其他库类型都定义了一些配套类型(companion type)，通过这些配套类型，库类型的使用就能与机器无关（machine-independent）。

3.任何存储string的size操作结果的变量必须为string::size_type类型。特别重要的是：不要把size的返回值赋给一个int变量。

 

程序清单：

#include <iostream> //for cout #include <string> //for string #include <cctype> //for islower,ispunct using namespace std; //using namespace string; //the namespace of size_type int main(int argc,char * argv[]) { string s("Hello,World!!!"); string::size_type punct_count = 0; /*计算字符串s中标点符号的个数*/ for(string::size_type i=0;i<s.size();++i) { if(ispunct(s[i])) { ++punct_count; } } cout<<"There are "<<punct_count<<" characters in "<<s<<endl; /*将字符串s中的字符全部转换为小写*/ for(string::size_type i=0;i<s.size();i++) { s[i] = tolower(s[i]); } cout<<s<<endl; return 0; } 

编译源程序：

    g++ -o string_test string_test.cpp

执行程序：

   ./string_test

执行结果：

There are 4 characters in Hello,World!!!

hello,world!!!