先附上学习的图片:
从上面图片可以看到,按键在没有按下的时候,2440的引脚是处于高电平状态(3.3v),按键按下后,2440的引脚接地,处于了低电平状态。
理论上按键的时序波形应该为:电平的跳变是至上而下,如下图所示。
实际上,由于按键中金属之间的接触原因会导致出现抖动,从而出现下面的波形:
按下一次按键,出现多次上下波动的现象
为了解决这个问题,可以使用定时器。
定时器分为两个要素:
1. 超时时间
2. 处理函数
可以在按键按下10ms后再进行处理上报键值等等
如何添加一个定时器??
static struct timer_list buttons_timer;//定义一个定时器变量
init_timer(&buttons_timer); //初始化定时器
buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;//绑定定时器的处理函数
//buttons_timer.expires = 0;
add_timer(&buttons_timer);//将定时器添加到内核中。
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100); //在HZ/100 秒后执行定时器处理函数
注:1HZ = 1s,jiffies是当前时钟的滴答
下面列出代码:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *sixthdrv_class;
static struct class_device *sixthdrv_class_dev;
//volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
//volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
static struct timer_list buttons_timer;//定义一个定时器变量
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);
/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,sixth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;
/*
* K1,K2,K3,K4对应GPF1、GPF4、GPF2、GPF0
*/
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF1, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF4, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x04},
};
static struct pin_desc *irq_pd;//用于获取键值
//static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量并初始化为1
static DECLARE_MUTEX(button_lock); //定义互斥锁
/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
/* 10ms后启动定时器 */
irq_pd = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
mod_timer(&buttons_timer, jiffies+HZ/100);//按键中断后,在HZ/100秒后启动定时器处理函数
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
#if 0
if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen))
{
atomic_inc(&canopen);
return -EBUSY;
}
#endif
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (down_trylock(&button_lock))
return -EBUSY;
}
else
{
/* 获取信号量 */
down(&button_lock);
}
/* GPF1、GPF4、GPF2、GPF0为中断引脚 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT1, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K1", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT4, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K2", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K3", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "K4", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
{
if (!ev_press)
return -EAGAIN;
}
else
{
/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);
}
/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;
return 1;
}
int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//atomic_inc(&canopen);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT1, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT4, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[3]);
up(&button_lock);
return 0;
}
static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠
if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
return mask;
}
static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open = sixth_drv_open,
.read = sixth_drv_read,
.release = sixth_drv_close,
.poll = sixth_drv_poll,
.fasync = sixth_drv_fasync,
};
int major;
static void buttons_timer_function(unsigned long data)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = irq_pd;
unsigned int pinval;
if (!pindesc)
return;//这里这样操作的原因是因为在初始化的时候设置的expire为0,会立刻调用到定时器处理函数,这里会做一下判断,如果没按键按下的话,会立即返回
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}
static int sixth_drv_init(void)
{
init_timer(&buttons_timer);//初始化定时器
buttons_timer.function = buttons_timer_function;//绑定定时器处理函数
//buttons_timer.expires = 0;//在这里将expire注释了,表示在添加到定时器到内核中区后会立刻调用到定时器处理函数。
add_timer(&buttons_timer); //在这里将定时器加入到内核中去
major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);
sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv");
sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */
// gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
// gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void sixth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv");
class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(sixthdrv_class);
// iounmap(gpfcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(sixth_drv_init);
module_exit(sixth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");