Vue学习之路-第二篇

一、指令修饰符

什么是指令修饰符?

所谓指令修饰符就是通过“.”指明一些指令后缀 不同的后缀封装了不同的处理操作 —> 简化代码

按键修饰符

@keyup.enter —>当点击enter键的时候才触发
代码演示:

  <div id="app">
    <h3>@keyup.enter  →  监听键盘回车事件</h3>
    <input v-model="username" type="text">
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
  <script>
    const app = new Vue({
      el: '#app',
      data: {
        username: ''
      },
      methods: {
        
      }
    })
  </script>

v-model修饰符

  • v-model.trim —>去除首位空格
  • v-model.number —>转数字

事件修饰符

  • @事件名.stop —> 阻止冒泡
  • @事件名.prevent —>阻止默认行为
  • @事件名.stop.prevent —>可以连用 即阻止事件冒泡也阻止默认行为
 <style>
    .father {
      width: 200px;
      height: 200px;
      background-color: pink;
      margin-top: 20px;
    }
    .son {
      width: 100px;
      height: 100px;
      background-color: skyblue;
    }
  </style>

 <div id="app">
    <h3>v-model修饰符 .trim .number</h3>
    姓名:<input v-model="username" type="text"><br>
    年纪:<input v-model="age" type="text"><br>

    
    <h3>@事件名.stop     →  阻止冒泡</h3>
    <div @click="fatherFn" class="father">
      <div @click="sonFn" class="son">儿子</div>
    </div>

    <h3>@事件名.prevent  →  阻止默认行为</h3>
    <a @click href="http://www.baidu.com">阻止默认行为</a>
  </div>

  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
  <script>
    const app = new Vue({
      el: '#app',
      data: {
        username: '',
        age: '',
      },
      methods: {
        fatherFn () {
          alert('老父亲被点击了')
        },
        sonFn (e) {
          // e.stopPropagation()
          alert('儿子被点击了')
        }
      }
    })
  </script>

案例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/index.css" />
    <title>记事本</title>
</head>
<body>
    <section id="app">
        <!-- 输入框 -->
        <header class="header">
          <h1>记事本</h1>
          <input @keyup.enter="addData" placeholder="请输入任务" class="new-todo" v-model="name" />
          <button class="add" @click="addData" >添加任务</button>
        </header>
        <!-- 列表区域 -->
        <section class="main">
          <ul class="todo-list">
            <li class="todo" v-for="(item,index) in list" :key="item.id">
              <div class="view">
                <span class="index">{{index+1}}</span> <label>{{item.name}}</label>
                <button class="destroy" @click="delData(item.id)"></button>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </section>
        <!-- 统计和清空 -->
        <footer class="footer">
          <!-- 统计 -->
          <span class="todo-count">合 计:<strong> {{this.list.length}} </strong></span>
          <!-- 清空 -->
          <button class="clear-completed" @click="clear">
            清空任务
          </button>
        </footer>
    </section>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.7.14/dist/vue.js"></script>
    
    <script>
        const app = new Vue({
            el:'#app',
            data:{
                name:'',
                list:[
                    {id:1,name:"跑步五公里"},
                    {id:2,name:"跳绳3000次"},
                    {id:3,name:"骑行20公里"}
                ]
            },
            methods:{
                addData(){
                    if(this.name.trim()===''){
                        alert("请先输入内容!")
                        return
                    }
                    this.list.unshift({
                        id:this.list.length+1,
                        name:this.name
                    });
                    this.name = ''
                },
                delData(id){
                    this.list = this.list.filter(item => item.id!==id);
                },
                clear(){
                    this.list = ''
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

css

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
body {
  background: #fff;
}
button {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  font-size: 100%;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

body {
  font: 14px 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.4em;
  background: #f5f5f5;
  color: #4d4d4d;
  min-width: 230px;
  max-width: 550px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  font-weight: 300;
}

:focus {
  outline: 0;
}

.hidden {
  display: none;
}

#app {
  background: #fff;
  margin: 180px 0 40px 0;
  padding: 15px;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 25px 50px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
#app .header input {
  border: 2px solid rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.8);
  border-radius: 10px;
}
#app .add {
  position: absolute;
  right: 15px;
  top: 15px;
  height: 68px;
  width: 140px;
  text-align: center;
  background-color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.8);
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 18px;
  border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0;
}

#app input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #e6e6e6;
}

#app input::-moz-placeholder {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #e6e6e6;
}

#app input::input-placeholder {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: gray;
}

#app h1 {
  position: absolute;
  top: -120px;
  width: 100%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  font-size: 60px;
  font-weight: 100;
  text-align: center;
  color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.8);
  -webkit-text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -moz-text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.new-todo,
.edit {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 24px;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
  line-height: 1.4em;
  border: 0;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 6px;
  box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.new-todo {
  padding: 16px;
  border: none;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.003);
  box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
}

.main {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.todo-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.todo-list li {
  position: relative;
  font-size: 24px;
  height: 60px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}

.todo-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.todo-list .view .index {
  position: absolute;
  color: gray;
  left: 10px;
  top: 20px;
  font-size: 22px;
}

.todo-list li .toggle {
  text-align: center;
  width: 40px;
  /* auto, since non-WebKit browsers doesn't support input styling */
  height: auto;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  margin: auto 0;
  border: none; /* Mobile Safari */
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
}

.todo-list li .toggle {
  opacity: 0;
}

.todo-list li .toggle + label {
  /*
		Firefox requires `#` to be escaped - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=922433
		IE and Edge requires *everything* to be escaped to render, so we do that instead of just the `#` - https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/7157459/
	*/
  background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20viewBox%3D%22-10%20-18%20100%20135%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2250%22%20cy%3D%2250%22%20r%3D%2250%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23ededed%22%20stroke-width%3D%223%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center left;
}

.todo-list li .toggle:checked + label {
  background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%20width%3D%2240%22%20height%3D%2240%22%20viewBox%3D%22-10%20-18%20100%20135%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%2250%22%20cy%3D%2250%22%20r%3D%2250%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22%23bddad5%22%20stroke-width%3D%223%22/%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%235dc2af%22%20d%3D%22M72%2025L42%2071%2027%2056l-4%204%2020%2020%2034-52z%22/%3E%3C/svg%3E');
}

.todo-list li label {
  word-break: break-all;
  padding: 15px 15px 15px 60px;
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.2;
  transition: color 0.4s;
}

.todo-list li.completed label {
  color: #d9d9d9;
  text-decoration: line-through;
}

.todo-list li .destroy {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  margin: auto 0;
  font-size: 30px;
  color: #cc9a9a;
  margin-bottom: 11px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease-out;
}

.todo-list li .destroy:hover {
  color: #af5b5e;
}

.todo-list li .destroy:after {
  content: '×';
}

.todo-list li:hover .destroy {
  display: block;
}

.todo-list li .edit {
  display: none;
}

.todo-list li.editing:last-child {
  margin-bottom: -1px;
}

.footer {
  color: #777;
  padding: 10px 15px;
  height: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}

.footer:before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 50px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 8px 0 -3px #f6f6f6,
    0 9px 1px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 16px 0 -6px #f6f6f6,
    0 17px 2px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.todo-count {
  float: left;
  text-align: left;
}

.todo-count strong {
  font-weight: 300;
}

.filters {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
}

.filters li {
  display: inline;
}

.filters li a {
  color: inherit;
  margin: 3px;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.filters li a:hover {
  border-color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.1);
}

.filters li a.selected {
  border-color: rgba(175, 47, 47, 0.2);
}

.clear-completed,
html .clear-completed:active {
  float: right;
  position: relative;
  line-height: 20px;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.clear-completed:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.info {
  margin: 50px auto 0;
  color: #bfbfbf;
  font-size: 15px;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  text-align: center;
}

.info p {
  line-height: 1;
}

.info a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.info a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/*
	Hack to remove background from Mobile Safari.
	Can't use it globally since it destroys checkboxes in Firefox
*/
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 0) {
  .toggle-all,
  .todo-list li .toggle {
    background: none;
  }

  .todo-list li .toggle {
    height: 40px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 430px) {
  .footer {
    height: 50px;
  }

  .filters {
    bottom: 10px;
  }
}

二、v-bind对样式控制的增强-操作class

为了方便开发者进行样式控制, Vue 扩展了 v-bind 的语法,可以针对 class 类名style 行内样式 进行控制 。
1.语法:

<div> :class = "对象/数组">这是一个div</div>

2.对象语法:

当class动态绑定的是对象时,键就是类名,值就是布尔值,如果值是true,就有这个类,否则没有这个类

<div class="box" :class="{ 类名1: 布尔值, 类名2: 布尔值 }"></div>

适用场景:一个类名,来回切换
3.数组语法:

当class动态绑定的是数组时 → 数组中所有的类,都会添加到盒子上,本质就是一个 class 列表

<div class="box" :class="[ 类名1, 类名2, 类名3 ]"></div>

使用场景:批量添加或删除类
4.练习:

 <style>
    .box {
      width: 200px;
      height: 200px;
      border: 3px solid #000;
      font-size: 30px;
      margin-top: 10px;
    }
    .pink {
      background-color: pink;
    }
    .big {
      width: 300px;
      height: 300px;
    }
  </style>


<div id="app">
    <!--绑定对象-->
    <div class="box">绑定对象</div>
    <!--绑定数组-->
    <div class="box">绑定数组</div>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
  <script>
    const app = new Vue({
      el: '#app',
      data: {

      }
    })
  </script>

三、v-bind对有样式控制的增强-操作style

1.语法

<div class="box" :style="{ CSS属性名1: CSS属性值, CSS属性名2: CSS属性值 }"></div>

2.代码练习

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .box {
          width: 200px;
          height: 200px;
          border: 3px solid #000;
          font-size: 30px;
          margin-top: 10px;
        }
        .pink {
          background-color: pink;
        }
        .big {
          width: 300px;
          height: 300px;
        }
      </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <div class="box" :class="{pink:this.flag, big:true}">你好!</div>
        <div class="box" :class="['pink']">你好!</div>
        
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.7.14/dist/vue.js"></script>

    <script>
        const app = new Vue({
            el:'#app',
            data:{
                flag:false
            }
        })
    </script>

</body>
</html>

四、v-model在其他表单元素的使用

1.讲解内容:

常见的表单元素都可以用 v-model 绑定关联 → 快速 获取设置 表单元素的值

它会根据 控件类型 自动选取 正确的方法 来更新元素

输入框  input:text   ——> value
文本域  textarea	 ——> value
复选框  input:checkbox  ——> checked
单选框  input:radio   ——> checked
下拉菜单 select    ——> value
...

2.代码准备

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    
    <div id="app">
        性别:
            <input type="radio" v-model='sex' name="sex" value="1"><input type="radio" v-model="sex" name="sex" value="2"><br><br>
        所在城市
            <select v-model="city">
                <option value="101">杭州</option>
                <option value="102">上海</option>
                <option value="103">北京</option>
                <option value="104">广州</option>
            </select>    
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.7.14/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script>
        const app = new Vue({
            el:'#app',
            data:{
                city:"",    
                sex:""
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

五、computed计算属性

1.概念

基于现有的数据,计算出来的新属性依赖的数据变化,自动重新计算。

2.语法

  1. 声明在 computed 配置项中,一个计算属性对应一个函数
  2. 使用起来和普通属性一样使用 {{ 计算属性名}}

3.注意

  1. computed配置项和data配置项是同级
  2. computed中的计算属性虽然是函数的写法,但他依然是个属性
  3. computed中的计算属性不能和data中的属性同名
  4. 使用computed中的计算属性和使用data中的属性是一样的用法
  5. computed中计算属性内部的this依然指向的是Vue实例

4.代码准备

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        table {
          border: 1px solid #000;
          text-align: center;
          width: 240px;
        }
        th,td {
          border: 1px solid #000;
        }
        h3 {
          position: relative;
        }
      </style>
</head>
<body>
    
    <div id="app">
        <h3>礼物单</h3>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <th>名字</th>
                <th>数量</th>
            </tr>
            <tr v-for="(item,index) in list" :key="item.id">
                <td>{{item.name}}</td>
                <td>{{item.num}}</td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        礼物总数:{{totalCount}}<hr>
        姓:<input type="text" v-model="fristName">+名:<input type="text" v-model="lastName">= {{fullName}} 
        <br>
        <button @click="changeName()">改名卡</button>
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.7.14/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script>
        const app = new Vue({
            el:'#app',
            data:{
                fristName:"",
                lastName:"",
                list:[
                    {id:1,name:"项链",num:3},
                    {id:2,name:"衣物",num:1},
                    {id:3,name:"耳机",num:3},
                    {id:4,name:"书本",num:5},
                    {id:5,name:"玩具",num:6}
                ]
            },
            methods:{
              changeName(){
                this.fullName = '马小超'
              }  
            },
            // 相对于methods方法 最大的优点在于它具备缓存特性,一次计算多次使用。
            computed:{
                totalCount(){
                    //sum 对应0,0为初始值,sum为每次计算后的值。
                    //item 为数据
                    return this.list.reduce((sum,item)=>sum+item.num,0);
                },
                // 计算属性完整写法:
                // 计算属性名:{
                //     get(){
                //     },
                //     set(){
                //     }
                // }
                fullName:{
                    get(){
                        return this.fristName + this.lastName
                    },
                    set(value){
                        this.fristName = value.slice(0,1)
                        this.lastName = value.slice(1)
                    }
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

computed计算属性 VS methods方法

1.computed计算属性

作用:封装了一段对于数据的处理,求得一个结果

语法:

  1. 写在computed配置项中
  2. 作为属性,直接使用
    • js中使用计算属性: this.计算属性
    • 模板中使用计算属性:{{计算属性}}

2.methods计算属性

作用:给Vue实例提供一个方法,调用以处理业务逻辑

语法:

  1. 写在methods配置项中
  2. 作为方法调用
    • js中调用:this.方法名()
    • 模板中调用 {{方法名()}} 或者 @事件名=“方法名”

3.计算属性的优势

  1. 缓存特性(提升性能)

    计算属性会对计算出来的结果缓存,再次使用直接读取缓存,

    依赖项变化了,会自动重新计算 → 并再次缓存

  2. methods没有缓存特性

  3. 通过代码比较

<style>
    table {
      border: 1px solid #000;
      text-align: center;
      width: 300px;
    }
    th,td {
      border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    h3 {
      position: relative;
    }
    span {
      position: absolute;
      left: 145px;
      top: -4px;
      width: 16px;
      height: 16px;
      color: white;
      font-size: 12px;
      text-align: center;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background-color: #e63f32;
    }
  </style>

<div id="app">
    <h3>礼物清单🛒<span>?</span></h3>
    <table>
      <tr>
        <th>名字</th>
        <th>数量</th>
      </tr>
      <tr v-for="(item, index) in list" :key="item.id">
        <td>{{ item.name }}</td>
        <td>{{ item.num }}个</td>
      </tr>
    </table>

    <p>礼物总数:{{ totalCount }} 个</p>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
  <script>
    const app = new Vue({
      el: '#app',
      data: {
        // 现有的数据
        list: [
          { id: 1, name: '篮球', num: 3 },
          { id: 2, name: '玩具', num: 2 },
          { id: 3, name: '铅笔', num: 5 },
        ]
      },
      computed: {
        totalCount () {
          let total = this.list.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.num, 0)
          return total
        }
      }
    })
  </script>

4.总结

1.computed有缓存特性,methods没有缓存

2.当一个结果依赖其他多个值时,推荐使用计算属性

3.当处理业务逻辑时,推荐使用methods方法,比如事件的处理函数

计算属性的完整写法

既然计算属性也是属性,能访问,应该也能修改了?

  1. 计算属性默认的简写,只能读取访问,不能 “修改”
  2. 如果要 “修改” → 需要写计算属性的完整写法
    完整写法代码演示
 <div id="app">
    姓:<input type="text" v-model="firstName"> +
    名:<input type="text" v-model="lastName"> ={{allName}}
    <span></span><br><br> 
    <button>改名卡</button>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
  <script>
    const app = new Vue({
      el: '#app',
      data: {
 		firstName: '刘',
        lastName: '备'
      },
      computed: {
		 allName() {
		  let name = this.firstName+this.lastName
          return name
        }
      },
      methods: {

      }
    })
  </script>

六、watch侦听器(监视器)

1.作用:

监视数据变化,执行一些业务逻辑或异步操作

2.语法:

  1. watch同样声明在跟data同级的配置项中

  2. 简单写法: 简单类型数据直接监视

  3. 完整写法:添加额外配置项

data: { 
  words: '苹果',
  obj: {
    words: '苹果'
  }
},

watch: {
  // 该方法会在数据变化时,触发执行
  数据属性名 (newValue, oldValue) {
    一些业务逻辑 或 异步操作。 
  },
  '对象.属性名' (newValue, oldValue) {
    一些业务逻辑 或 异步操作。 
  }
}

完整代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
          margin: 0;
          padding: 0;
          box-sizing: border-box;
          font-size: 18px;
        }
        #app {
          padding: 10px 20px;
        }
        .query {
          margin: 10px 0;
        }
        .box {
          display: flex;
        }
        textarea {
          width: 300px;
          height: 160px;
          font-size: 18px;
          border: 1px solid #dedede;
          outline: none;
          resize: none;
          padding: 10px;
        }
        textarea:hover {
          border: 1px solid #1589f5;
        }
        .transbox {
          width: 300px;
          height: 160px;
          background-color: #f0f0f0;
          padding: 10px;
          border: none;
        }
        .tip-box {
          width: 300px;
          height: 25px;
          line-height: 25px;
          display: flex;
        }
        .tip-box span {
          flex: 1;
          text-align: center;
        }
        .query span {
          font-size: 18px;
        }
  
        .input-wrap {
          position: relative;
        }
        .input-wrap span {
          position: absolute;
          right: 15px;
          bottom: 15px;
          font-size: 12px;
        }
        .input-wrap i {
          font-size: 20px;
          font-style: normal;
        }
      </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <!-- 条件选择框 -->
        <div class="query">
          <span>翻译成的语言:</span>
          <select v-model="obj.lang">
            <option value="italy">意大利</option>
            <option value="english">英语</option>
            <option value="german">德语</option>
          </select>
        </div>
  
        <!-- 翻译框 -->
        <div class="box">
          <div class="input-wrap">
            <textarea v-model="obj.words"></textarea>
            <span><i>⌨️</i>文档翻译</span>
          </div>
          <div class="output-wrap">
            <div class="transbox">{{ result }}</div>
          </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2/dist/vue.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        // 接口地址:https://applet-base-api-t.itheima.net/api/translate
        // 请求方式:get
        // 请求参数:
        // (1)words:需要被翻译的文本(必传)
        // (2)lang: 需要被翻译成的语言(可选)默认值-意大利
        const app = new Vue({
            el:'#app',
            data:{
                words:"",
                obj:{words:"小咪",lang:""},
                result:""
            },
            watch:{
            // 复杂监视使用deep:true,复杂类型的深度监视,通俗讲就是如果属性多,一个个监视很麻烦,可以使用它一次性监视多个
                obj:{
                    deep:true,
                    immediate:true,
                    handler(newValue){
                    clearTimeout(this.timer)
                    this.timer = setTimeout(async () => {
                        const res = await axios({
                            url:'https://applet-base-api-t.itheima.net/api/translate',
                            params:newValue
                        })
                        this.result=res.data.data
                    },1000)
                    }
                }

            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

总结

watch侦听器的写法有几种?

  watch:{
               // console.log('变化了', newValue)
            // 防抖: 延迟执行 → 干啥事先等一等,延迟一会,一段时间内没有再次触发,才执行
                 words(newValue,oldValue){
                //     // console.log("变化了:",newValue,oldValue)
                    clearTimeout(this.timer)
                    this.timer = setTimeout(async () => {
                        const res = await axios({
                            url:'https://applet-base-api-t.itheima.net/api/translate',
                            params:{
                                words:newValue
                            }
                        })
                        console.log(res.data.data)
                        this.obj=res.data.data
                    },1000)
                },
                //简单写法
                'student.age'(newValue,oldValue){
                    console.log("变化了:",newValue,oldValue)
                }
            }
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